My Writing For Class Thinking - 954 Words

I first signed up for the class thinking it would be an easy way to go ahead and get the English requirement done with for my degree audit. However, I found that this class was more than just a requirement. It brought light to what being a good writer was and how to produce good writing. At the beginning of the semester, I assumed that this was going to be similar to other English classes that I have taken in the past. I thought we would be writing using textbook formats or ways that I had been taught in the past. I thought that the professor would have the same outlook on the course and how assignments should be completed, compared to other English courses. I was wrong. After taking this course, I look back at the writer that I was at the beginning of the course compared to the end. I have changed significantly as a writer. I am able to look at different writing assignments and determine that each assignment is unique. Meaning, not all writing assignments can be composed or formatte d the same. I have instilled in myself that you do not have to write the way the textbook teaches. The freedom to write in your own fashion and still successfully complete the assignment makes someone a good writer and produces good writing. This was one of the biggest challenges that I had throughout the semester. The first assignment, the interview collage that we had to do was something that I hated. It was not the work that I had to put into the project that I hated, but the style theShow MoreRelatedPersonal Importance Of Writing863 Words   |  4 PagesEvery person has their own viewpoint of what a good writing is. Usually, high school students are not so able to cope up with the college life, leaving aside homework’s and time management. The most crucial view on it would be the writing skills because homework’s are important. For writing well at a college freshman level is to put ideas and thesis simple yet clear and let your head out. Usually, writings become d ifficult when we do not know about our audience. First and foremost the audience forRead MoreCritical Reflection On The Course Experience Essay1197 Words   |  5 Pagesthinker, but throughout my course of study at Guilford Technical Community College (GTCC), I have considerably progressed in academic discipline that allows my critical analysis skills from the beginning of the semester flourish to now. Taking Humanities 115, critical thinking enable this success throughout my semester courses. It was a challenge at first, but as time progressed, I became more focused on how this course description was going to impact the critical thinking skills that I had alreadyRead MoreEnglish Has Never Been My Favorite Subject Essay1044 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish has never been my favorite subject. I have always been great at writing, but reading was very difficult for me all throughout grade school. I could read just fine, but when it came to reading comprehension problems I would completel y blank out. I never really understood how to comprehend stories or articles until this class. When I first saw the syllabus, I was afraid because this whole class was to mainly read some sort of literature, understand the story fully, then write about it in depthRead MoreLearning Using A Whole Class1094 Words   |  5 Pageslearning using a whole class where the teacher illustrates the â€Å"interchange between pedagogy and learning to write historical essays.† From this class she looks at three case studies from students for presentation. Monte-Sano sought a teacher that had â€Å"an advanced degree in history, a focus on writing, and an inquiry orientation toward history.† Monte-Sano chose the largest class of Mr. Lyle, and students who scored below or at average of their class, their scores represented the class majority, and theirRead MoreAn International Student From An Asian Country Essay790 Words   |  4 Pagesa result, English is a second language for me. When I was in my native country, I didn’t do very well English, but after coming to U.S and attending Eng 121 class, I became better at speaking, thinking and writing in English fluently. Obviously the first reason is that my professor is a very good and taught me with a patience and in a good manner. Initially , when I came to my first class and I got first assignment for the Eng 121 class, I was very nervous because it was very hard for me. I didn’tRead MoreMy English Class Is A College Student, And As A Person1334 Words   |  6 Pagesas: punctuation, critical thinking, how to carry out a proper seminar discussion, how to properly use journals to better retain course materials, and writing tools such as outlines. All of which I believe will help me excel as a college student, and as a person. This English 101 class was very rigorous. Dr. Faucette told the class, from the very beginning, that it wouldn’t be easy. Dr. Faucette gave us multiple opportunities to dismiss ourselves from his English 101 class, and sign up for a muchRead MoreLearning About The Civil War904 Words   |  4 Pagessigned up for this class I had no idea what I was getting in to, I just wanted an online class and this was the only one I could take. When I logged in to the class for the first time I was taken by surprise because I had never dealt with African Diaspora before. First, because of the fact that I have had never dealt with the subject before, my experience with the subject matter and expectations from this class were low. Another subject that this class addresses is the art of writing and critical thinkingRead MorePathos, Logos And Reflection924 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the process of this class, I have learned many things that will help me in my college career as well a s my career after college; I learned the power of the discourse community, how to create a resume, and how to create well developed detailed essays and reports. I also learned about rhetoric and rhetorical situations. Rhetoric is used in every argument, every thesis, and every speech. Rhetoric is a huge part of everyones lives whether people know it or not. There are three branchesRead MoreReflection Paper On Critical Thinking1104 Words   |  5 Pagesaudiences and think outside the box more efficiently. I do believe I need to work on this. I tend to write just from my perspective and if I don’t know a topic or understand an audience very well then, I just write surface type things and can’t really empathize with whatever I am writing. critical thinking, reading, and writing In a different class, I learned about critical thinking in a different way and how to improve it. It’s all about questioning things. There are three strategies: First, askRead MoreReflection About Self Reflection1343 Words   |  6 Pagesinto this class thinking that I was gonna float right through it and it would be easy. I never had though about how much more there was to learn and how much I could improve my writing. I have learned many valuable skills such as researching credible information, using critical thinking and rhetorical strategy, writing mechanics, analyzing and disproving counter-arguments, addressing specific audiences, and using peer editing in my writing process. With my progress throughout this class, I have developed

The Field Of Mental Health Counseling - 1201 Words

Introduction Burnout in the field of Mental Health Counseling is a serious concern for everyone involved, whether the person is just beginning their journey, or if they are a seasoned veteran with years of experience. Unless, the person has a prevention plan in place and adds it into their busy schedule and does not stray from their commitment of their self-care program. It is easy when we get busy to skip a day here and there and the next thing you know we have not taken care of ourselves for a month or longer. Once we permit ourselves to neglect our self-care program the symptoms of burnout and begin to develop very quickly. Personally, I believe with a good self-care program, it is easier to circumvent burnout, then it is to overcome it once you are in its grips. Here are some of the things I implement into my schedule to help myself from becoming burnt out. Personal Care—Mentally, Physically, Emotionally As a student pursuing a career in the field of Mental Health Counseling, while I was attending classes in my undergraduate program self-care was a regular topic that was brought up. Over half of the professors would stress the seriousness of burnout and the need to begin a self-care program while still a student. Fortunately, prior to entering college, I unknowingly began a self-care program, a few times a week I participate in 12 step meetings. At the meetings, I have several close friends that I can talk to in confidence about anything, that helps me getShow MoreRelatedThe Mental Health Counseling Is A Field Of Great Opportunity And Great Responsibility1672 Words   |  7 PagesClinical Mental Health counseling is a field of great opportunity and great responsibility. When counselees walk into the therapist’s office, they are often at one of the lowest points of their lives, bringing with them a lifetime of hurts, questions, and crises. The counselor’s view of the Gospel must be full enough to encompass the life of the hurting person. In those moments, a counselor will rely on years of hard work and discipline to make decisions that impact a person for life. A counselorRead MoreHistorical Background Of Mental Health Counseling1481 Words   |  6 PagesThe counseling field is ever growing with many employment opportunities, but yet it is very competitive. Mental health counseling is one of the specializations in the counseling field. The American Mental Health Counselors Association stated that mental health counselors are â€Å"highly-skilled professionals who provide flexible, consumer-oriented therapy†(2016). Mental health counselors offer a wide range of services, such as: â€Å"assessment and diagnosis, psychotherapy, treatment planning and utilizationRead MoreMental Health Counseling Essay example828 Words   |  4 Pagesbuild their counseling style. â€Å"Theories ground us as professional counselors. They provide a means to understand what we are doing, how we are serving clients, and how to explain counseling to clients† (Erford, 2010). Counselors are responsible for being aware of different theories in order to apply them appropriately within their practice. Established and new theories play an important and constant role in mental health counseling. Established theories in mental health counseling are based onRead MoreHistory And Roles Of The Counseling Profession1173 Words   |  5 PagesMany counseling professions have been cultivated out of a gap in traditional subjects. Psychology is a great example of how a subject can develop into multiple branches like sociology or philosophy or counseling. Counseling in particular is a relatively new branch compared to the other social sciences and had a complex history on its path to becoming a respectable career. Despite its humble beginnings, individuals still benefit from counseling. Counseling specifications allow a multi-team approachR ead MoreHistory of Counseling Essay1131 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ History of Counseling Lead to Multidisciplinary Teams COUN5004 Survey of Research in Human Development for Professional Counselors History of Counseling Leading to Multidisciplinary Teams Counseling is a relatively new profession which has transformed over time from treating mental illnesses to providing educational guidance to counseling with a variety of specializations. Pistole summarizes by stating that counselors, now, aim to, â€Å"contribute to the vitality and vigor andRead MoreCounseling Specializations Multidisciplinary Teams1104 Words   |  5 Pagesstudy is to effectively display Multidisciplinary Teams and the role they have on the field of Mental Health. MDTs have been proven to be an effective format for collaboration of Mental Health Clinicians to exhibit the core concepts of wellness, resilience, and prevention for the overall health of the patient. Evidence has been shown to prove that when MDTs are being practiced in the field of study, Mental Health Clinicians exhibit enthusiasm of the skills and ideas being learned. In addition, MDTsRead MoreCoun 500 Personal Identity Paper1469 Words   |  6 Pagesimpact professional counseling. It will summ arize my beliefs and values and what I plan to do so that I will not impose my beliefs on clients. Also, I will reflect on what I have learned during this course and how it will impact my future as a counselor. Professional Identity Section I: Professional Counselor Role The role of the professional counselor is to provide mental health services and substance abuse care to individuals, families, and groups (American Counseling Association, 2011)Read MoreI Am A Student At The University Of Wyoming973 Words   |  4 Pagesthe field of psychology as I could and it has driven me towards becoming a mental health counselor. Beyond just learning about the theories and foundations of psychology as a science, I have learned about the discipline and empathy I will need to have in order to successfully in this field. This has never intimidated me and has actually strengthened my belief that psychology was the correct field for me to dedicate my life too. When I learned about counseling from my Introduction to Counseling classRead MoreMental Health Treatment And Rehabilitation1624 Words   |  7 Pages are diagnosed with a mental illness in any given year (â€Å"Any Mental Illness† n.d.). The insights and expertise that social workers in the mental heal th field can provide are needed now more than ever. The following four agencies specialize in mental health treatment and rehabilitation. The Adult Mental Health Division (AMHD) of the State of Hawaii Department of Mental Health serves adults who require counseling services, those who have been diagnosed with a serious mental illness, adults who haveRead MorePsychology : The Human Behavior And Mental Processes Through Laboratory Experiments, And Psychotherapy990 Words   |  4 PagesA community is crowded with many different kinds of people and professions, which form issues of how work together and live with one another. In these situations, psychology serves its purpose by creating answers to these questions. The field of psychology helps create an understanding of these problems, which increases the possibility of treatment. These careers in psychology fall into three main categories of practice: psychologist, clinical psychologist and psychiatrists. Each of these categories

Electronic Music Free Essays

Electronic Music may include tape music (existing only on tape, and played through loudspeakers), live electronic music (created on synthesizers or other electronic equipment in real time), musique concrà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½te (created from recorded and subsequently modified sounds), or music which combines live performers and taped electronic sound. Although these types of music refer primarily to the nature of the technology and techniques involved, divisions are increasingly blurred. Other terminology, such as computer music, electro-acoustic music, acousmatic music, and radiophonic music, has also come into use, more often to indicate aesthetic rather than technological preferences. We will write a custom essay sample on Electronic Music or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the early 1900s the Italian Futurists, led by composer Luigi Russolo, envisaged a music created with noise and electronic â€Å"music boxes†, and the first commercially available electronic music instruments appeared at this time. However, although visionary composers like Scriabin and Henry Cowell had dreamt of music created by purely electronic means, electronic music first became realistically possible when recording technology developed during World War II. Several studios came into being in the 1940s and 1950s, and were associated with key figures and specific artistic aims. In France, sound engineer and composer Pierre Schaeffer formed the French Radio studio (RTF) in Paris, built around several tape recorders, microphones, and tape editing equipment. The principal techniques for creating music were the cutting, splicing, looping, or reversal of lengths of recorded tape. These tape manipulation techniques resulted in a kind of sound montage, painstakingly created from recordings of sounds from the â€Å"real world†. Schaeffer referred to the results as musique concrà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½te, a term still in wide use today, especially in France. His first experiment in this new genre used recordings of the sounds of trains, and all his works of this time were brief sound studies with evocative titles, such as Symphonie pour un homme seul, composed in collaboration with his younger colleague, Pierre Henry. Schaeffer’s practical experiments in electronic music composition were supported by his influential theoretical writings on the subject, and the studio of Henry and Schaeffer attracted several emerging composers, among them the composer Pierre Boulez. In the late 1940s in Germany, Werner Meyer-Eppler, a physicist and Director of the Institute of Phonetics at Bonn University, first demonstrated a Vocoder, an analytical device which included a synthetic human voice. His theoretical work influenced the composers associated with the West German Radio studio in Cologne (founded 1953), who were concerned with the electronic synthesis of sounds, through the use of tone generators and other sound-modifying devices. The first director of the Cologne Studio, Herbert Eimert, was highly influential in his method of using total serialism as a basis of constructing electronic works. In this method all aspects of music, including pitch, rhythm, and relative volume were controlled by numerically defined principles. Electronic sounds and devices provided a suitable precision and control for the realization of this concept. By a process known as additive synthesis (see section on sound synthesis, below) composers such as Maderna and Stockhausen lab oriously constructed short electronic pieces, derived entirely from electronic sounds. In the later 1950s many electronic music studios were established in Europe, the most significant being the RAI studio in Milan, founded by Berio and Maderna, the Institute of Sonology in Utrecht, and the EMS studio in Stockholm. The division between musique concrà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½te and pure electronic music was a largely European phenomenon. Although various studios arose at the same time in the United States, aesthetic distinctions were less important. In the 1950s in New York, composers Otto Luening and Vladimir Ussachevsky produced tape music from very basic studio equipment. Their music transformed the recorded sounds of instruments and voices through tape manipulation techniques and simple reverberation units. In the late 1950s they became associated with the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center, at which composer Milton Babbitt used a huge RCA computer, filling an entire room, to create music composed on similar serial principles to Eimert and Stockhausen in Cologne. His work Philomel (1964) was one of the first to be written for live performer and tape. The development of computing technology in the 1950s and 1960s led to the establishment of a number of studios specifically concerned with computer music at American universities and, to a lesser extent, in Europe. During the 1960s and 1970s the Americans Paul Lansky and Barry Vercoe, among others, developed music software packages (computer programs specifically designed for the manipulation and creation of sound) which were freely available to interested composers. This tradition of software development at American universities has done much to aid the growth of computer music worldwide. The Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA) at Stanford University, in California, and the Institut de Recherche et de Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM) in Paris, founded by Pierre Boulez in 1977, both made significant use of computers and remain influential centres of electronic music composition today. The rapid development of computing technology, in the last 15 years or so, has brought about a revolution in computer music and electronic music in general. Computers are now more affordable, and computer programs which originally took hours to run can now be completed in a matter of seconds, or even in real time. Today, many universities have a computer music studio and several countries have national studios, devoted to the composition of electronic music. In addition, composers are increasingly working independently, in personal studios. How to cite Electronic Music, Papers

Reduced Self-Efficacy Smartphone Addiction - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Reduced Self-Efficacy Smartphone Addiction. Answer: Introduction: Efficacy of an individual alone is not enough to complete a task accurately, confidence on selfs ability is also an important factor. The confidence in ones ability was defined as self-efficacy by Psychologist Albert Bandura (Mauer, Neergaard Linstad, 2017). This article discusses self-efficacy, factors influencing it and its importance in different sectors. The article also provides references to different scholarly articles to get an idea of the researches that had been done in the past on self-efficacy. The article had been concluded with some recommendations to improve self-efficacy and authors opinion over the introduction of the self-efficacy in the school curriculum. Self-efficacy is ones own perception of their capabilities over performing a specific task. It does not refer to ones capability of doing a task but rather concerns over their own perception about doing a particular task. Clear conception about self-efficacy can be derived from the idea that an individuals belief over performing an internet related task is internet self-efficacy. The higher the individual belief in ones ability to perform the internet related task, higher their internet self-efficacy level is and the level does not concern over if they can use the internet or not. Self-efficacy is important to bring accuracy to an individuals skill set. It also motivates the observer to attain a higher level of self-efficacy and hence leading to a more productive workplace. Self-efficacy differs from efficacy as the former depends upon the perception of ability to complete the assigned task while the latter concerns over the ability to do the task. Past performance, experience as a spectator, persuasion and some physiological cues are the factors to affect the self-efficacy level in an individual. If an individual has a good experience with a particular task in the past, then her/his self-efficacy level is high but the result will be just opposite in case of bad experiences. Experience as a spectator also influences the self-efficacy level. On noticing someone equivalent to self (or assuming to have same efficacy level) perform a task, one can also gain self-efficacy. When persuaded (verbally or non-verbally) one can also attain higher self-efficacy levels. Though this factor contributes only for a shorter period of time it is an effective factor. Physiological cues like sweating and dry mouth before initiating a task can lead to a decrement in self-eff icacy while a relaxed attitude can lead to exponential increase in the self-efficacy level. Literature Review: A number of different researches and studies have been conducted on self-efficacy and its role in different sectors. In this section, four papers on self-efficacy and Information Technology have been discussed to get a broader image of self-efficacy and its importance. The selected articles have their focus on the necessity of self-efficacy for employees, materialistic people and the students. The articles have been discussed to put forth their research methodology, motivation for the research and the outputs from the research. The models and the tools equipped in conducting the research are also mentioned to get a clear idea about the reliability and dependability of the articles. Relation between self-efficacy and e-learning acceptance: Hsia, Chang Tseng (2014) in their article have tried to deduce a relationship between computer self-efficacy, control locus and employee of a high tech firms capability in acceptance of e-learning. The authors were inspired by the global adaptation of e-learning by high-tech firms for employee training to pursue a research on the same. The authors designed a questionnaire and distributed it among the selected technological firms of Taiwan. The selected firms have adopted e-learning for employee training. The collected data was later analysed SEM (Structural Equalling Model) and CFA (Confirmatory Factor Analysis). The paper has used LISREL 8.54 to analysis the hypothesized relation. The results of the research showed a direct influence of self-efficacy over the e-learning acceptance. The paper also made some recommendations like for the proper implementation of e-learning depending on employees locus of belief and control. Increase in learning efficacy to stay in the competitive mark et was also recommended by the authors. To conclude the paper, the authors pointed out the importance of computer self-efficacy for e-learning. Students self-efficacy of ICT use: This article by Bazer, Pardillo Ruales (2012) discusses the perception of students toward ICTs (Information and Communication Technology) use. The authors were inspired to research on the topic due to the exponential growth of ICTs application and the inclination of the youth especially youth towards it. The papers subject were the final year students of Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEEd) (majoring in English) of Midano State University. The authors adapted descriptive correlational design model for data collection and analyses. Statistical tools like PPMCC (Percentage, Mean, Pearson, Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation) and Likert scale were adopted for analysis of the collected data. The results suggested that the more an individual is interested in ICT, the more individuals self-efficacy increases. The perception of the individual towards the ICT was also considered as a factor influencing self-efficacy level. Self-efficacy leading to smartphone addiction: The article taken in consideration aims at emphasizing whether smartphones are the reason for low self-efficacy or not and vice versa (Lee et al., 2016). The authors in the paper have limited their targeted audience to materialistic people (People who prefer material things over abstracts like love, spiritual, cultural or intellectual values) only. In the article, the authors have put forth the hypothesis, Self-efficacy mediates the positive relationship between materialism and smartphone addiction.. To prove the hypothesized point, the authors tested empirical data that were collected from the two largest smartphone markets of the world namely, the Peoples republic of China and the United States of America. CFA was employed to verify the fact that psychometric properties requirement was met by the subject themes of the paper. Other statistical tools were also adopted for the evaluation of the obtained data. The paper was concluded by proving the hypothesized statement to be true. Th e study also helps in validating the findings, Materialism is a strong predictor of technological addiction. By (Roberts Pirog, 2012). Self-efficacy in CIL: Rohtagi, Schere Hatlevik (2016) in their paper The role of ICT self-efficacy for students' ICT use and their achievement in a computer and information literacy test have tried to evaluate the role that self-efficacy plays for students in ICT use. The authors in the paper have submitted evidence in support for the positive relation between the self-efficacy and ICTs use in literacy of computer and information literacy (CIL). The authors have adopted Response Theory to prove their hypothesis by use of theoretical framework from the past and their own. The authors have concluded the paper on a confusing conclusion. They have supported their hypothesized statement but have also declared that they were unable to determine any positive relation between self-efficacy and ICT use. The papers conclusion has left scope for further research, to determine a relationship between students self-efficacy and use of ICT. In conclusion, to the discussions made above, it can be stated that self-efficacy is a quality that should be at a high level for everyone. It amplifies the productivity of a skilled person and helps in attaining high skill level for an untrained or less skilled individual. A change of perception towards self can be obtained by adopting different methods. The report also took into consideration of some of the scholarly articles that discuss self-efficacy and its implications in different sectors. Some of the articles in the paper have also put forth the importance of self-efficacy for the students. Those articles can be taken into evidence and can be emphasized to recommend that self-efficacy should be introduced in the school curriculum. The reason for the recommendation would be that introduction to self-efficacy at a young age will lead to the development of higher level of self-efficacy in an individual. Hence, self-efficacy should be a topic that must be explicitly taught in sch ools. Self-efficacy is a trait that everyone must possess before they decide to initiate any work. It acts as a catalyst that leads to accuracy in the work performance and personal satisfaction. There was an instance when I participated in a bicycle race and I was also skilled at it. I participated in the race and I was leading throughout the race but as the race progressed I started to lack behind. The elevation of the road had a toll on my self-confidence as I was not sure that I can ride my bicycle to the finish line. My perception of my incapability lead me to lose the race which I completed. The next time I participated in the same race I came second because of my change in perception towards my skills. Scholars have recommended setting up of goals to achieve high self-efficacy and that would be the first step I would take to increase my self-efficacy. I will assign myself simple targets so that with each achievement my self-efficacy will keep increasing. To boost my self-efficacy for an immediate task, I will talk with the person who can motivate me and build up my confidence before the initiation of task. I will also try to keep my anxiety level in check, so that my self-efficacy level remains unchanged during the time of pressure. I think persuading the following methods will keep my self-efficacy in check and with time it will grow as well. References: Bazer, S. C., Pardillo, G. F., Ruales, S. T. P. (2012). Status of Students Perceptions and Self-efficacy on the Use of ICT. InInternational Conference on Education and Management Innovation(pp. 145-149). Hsia, J. W., Chang, C. C., Tseng, A. H. (2014). Effects of individuals' locus of control and computer self-efficacy on their e-learning acceptance in high-tech companies.Behaviour Information Technology,33(1), 51-64. Lee, Y. K., Chang, C. T., Cheng, Z. H., Lin, Y. (2016). How Social Anxiety and Reduced Self-Efficacy Induce Smartphone Addiction in Materialistic People.Social Science Computer Review, 0894439316685540. Mauer, R., Neergaard, H., Linstad, A. K. (2017). Self-efficacy: Conditioning the entrepreneurial mindset. InRevisiting the Entrepreneurial Mind(pp. 293-317). Springer, Cham. Roberts, J. A., Pirog III, S. F. (2012). A preliminary investigation of materialism and impulsiveness as predictors of technological addictions among young adults.Journal of Behavioral Addictions,2(1), 56-62. Rohatgi, A., Scherer, R., Hatlevik, O. E. (2016). The role of ICT self-efficacy for students' ICT use and their achievement in a computer and information literacy test.Computers Education,102, 103-116.

In His Position As King Of Babylonia, Hammurabi Managed To Essays

In his position as King of Babylonia, Hammurabi managed to organize the world's first code of laws and establish Babylon as the dominant and successful Amorite city of its time. "Records written on clay tablets show that Hammurabi was a very capable administrator and a successful warrior. His rule spanned from 1792 B.C. to 1750 B.C. When he became king in 1792, he was still young, but had already become entrusted with many official duties in his administration" (Grolier). In the early years of his reign, Hammurabi mostly participated in traditional activities, such as repairing buildings, digging canals, and fighting wars. Yet later in his rule, Hammurabi organized a unique code of laws, the first of its kind, therefore making himself one of the world's most influential leaders. Hammurabi was primarily influential to the world because of his code of laws. This code consisted of 282 provisions, systematically arranged under a variety of subjects. He sorted his laws into groups such as family, labor, personal property, real estate, trade, and business. This was the first time in history that any laws had been categorized into various sections. This format of organization was emulated by civilizations of the future. For example, Semitic cultures succeeding Hammurabi's rule used some of the same laws that were included in Hammurabi's code. Hammurabi's method of thought is evident in present day societies which are influenced by his code. Modern governments currently create specific laws, which are placed into their appropriate family of similar laws. Hammurabi had his laws recorded upon an eight foot high black stone monument. Hammurabi based his code on principles like, the strong should not injure the weak, and that punishment should fit the crime. As for punishment, "legal actions were initiated under the code by written pleadings; testimony was taken under oath. The code was severe in it's penalties, prescribing "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.""(Grolier). This code of laws was able to be maintained by invoking the authority of the gods and the state. Although the punishments were different than those of today, the authority of the state (government) is similar. Currently, punishments are issued through the state's law enforcement system, comparable to the way punishment was determined and enforced in ancient Babylon. In the code, crimes punishable by death required a trial in front of a bench of judges. Included in these crimes were: bigamy, incest, kidnapping, adultery and theft. There were also laws similar to today. For example, a husband who wished to divorce his wife, was required to pay alimony and child support. By creating the world's first set of organized laws, Hammurabi constituted a model set of moral codes for other civilizations to duplicate. "The code of Hammurabi is believed to have greatly influenced the development of Near Eastern civilizations for centuries after it was written"(Britannica). Although Hammurabi failed to establish an effective bureaucratic system himself, his ideas were successful in establishing laws in Babylonia. Since Babylon was the world's first metropolis, the large population needed to be bound by a strict set of organized civil laws. The way Hammurabi constructed his laws is influential to the world today, because laws can be more easily understood by the people. --- Bibliography "Code of Hammurabi." Encyclopedia Britannica (1989), X, 682. "Hammurabi." Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia (1994). "Hammurabi." Compton's Encyclopedia (1990), XI, 225.

The Educational Disparity... essays

The Educational Disparity... essays Access to the best possible education is a right all students should possess. For some students in Westchester County, this right can be harder to achieve than for others. This is mainly due to the fact that these children are of minority backgrounds and are the victims of inferior education, in both white and minority schools. In fact, only 63 students of minority heritages participate in Pelham Memorial High School (PMHS)s honors or Advanced Placement (AP) programs. This number comes out of a total pool of 530 honors/AP students at this predominantly white school in Westchester County. (Survey of honors/AP teachers at PHMS) This percentage of minorities in honors/AP classes, less than twelve percent of the honors/AP population, is a far cry from the percentage of minorities at PMHS (22%). The discrepancies do not end in the Pelham Union Free School District; they exist throughout Westchester County, where schools primarily comprised of minorities constantly perform poorer tha n their white counterparts. There are numerous reasons for this discrepancy within an educational system that is intended to be nurturing them and lending them every advantage available. While there are many people to place fault upon for this disparity, every facet of the Westchester educational system can take a piece of the blame for its favoritism towards students of white descent. A major reason for the lack of minority students in the honors/AP programs at white high schools, such as PMHS, is a system called tracking. Tracking is a process by which students are separated according to particular measures of intelligence into classes with curriculum deemed suitable for their level of intelligence. However, this system often creates more problems than it solves as it often favors white students over minority students. In many districts, course-enrollment patterns inside individual schools replicate this pattern ...

Explain three (3) world arguments for birth control and two (2) world Essay

Explain three (3) world arguments for birth control and two (2) world arguments against birth control. Give original examples (not in the textbooks) or further clarification of each viewpoint or position - Essay Example ore necessary to re-examine some old and new arguments for birth control because the reasons are valid and make tremendous sense to any sensible person concerned with human life. Some people have raised these alarms many times but were just ignored over the years. The foremost argument for birth control is an old one, raised several centuries ago by a famous English scholar and political economist Thomas Robert Malthus (1766-1834). He argued that human populations are subject to the same limiting factors as any other living species in the world such as famine, diseases and available food supplies. Human populations tend to grow or outstrip increases in food supplies and would simply result in majority of humans suffering under a cloud of hunger and misery. This is very much evident today in various parts of the world such as Africa where famines occur regularly. Moreover, the total arable land has decreased over the years due to increasing development and the rise of urbanization, reducing the area available for food production. Additionally, human activities have led to pollution of water supplies, which make potable water difficult to obtain in many areas and droughts also caused supply scarcity. The worlds natural resources are mostly finite in nature, and any increase in humans will surely contribute to depletion of these supplies. Water, food and energy are not readily or always renewable in limitless quantities and some form of birth control has to be instituted. The world is definitely reaching its limits that can sustain an acceptable level in the quality of life. A consequence of increased human populations is the issue of global warming. Climate change is now upon us and this has affected everything on Earth, including the ability to raise the food crops necessary for survival and the water supplies for irrigation. More people means more carbon footprint and harmful gas emissions that contribute to the worsening of global warming. On the other hand,

Reducing Errors by Improving Pain Medication Knowledge Thesis Proposal

Reducing Errors by Improving Pain Medication Knowledge - Thesis Proposal Example Therefore, it is necessary for the post-anesthesia care unit nurse to be familiar with these medications such that medication errors or overdoses may be avoided. In order to prepare a nurse to be adequate in the PACU, proper procedure should be reviewed with regards to these medications so that he or she is well-prepared to face challenges in pain management, which include: being able to manage the control of pain with dilaudid and fentanyl, being able to alleviate loneliness or other psychological challenges of the patient; and helping the family to be supportive of the patient in the post-anesthesia care unit. Area I: The Problem and its Environmental Context The specific problem is that the subject of this study works in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) at UC Davis Medical Center in Sacramento, California. The Unit has a staff of 60 RN's who are certified nurses at levels I, II, and III. At times the Unit will receive patients that have received medications for specific reasons or they have received pain medications for post-surgery purposes. Typically, the patients have received both fentanyl (a short-acting pain medication) and dilaudid (long-acting) pain medication. At times the anesthesiologist will not report when they gave the last dose of pain medication. The medication has been administered early in some cases, or late in the case of the patient having been in the operating room. However, this information is documented on the anesthesia work sheet. The Unit receives the patient from the operating room (OR) in the PACU and the patient may screaming or saying they are in pain. Also, at times they are not breathing very well at all and need stimulation, oral...However, this information is documented on the anesthesia work sheet. The Unit receives the patient from the operating room (OR) in the PACU and the patient may screaming or saying they are in pain. Also, at times they are not breathing very well at all and need stimulation, oral airways, nasal airways, and Narcan. Nurses tend to give a lot of dilaudid in five-minute increments per the anesthesia orders, not knowing it peaks in one hour. It is difficult to determine where patients are in the opioid cycle as they may be still sedated from anesthesia and not the pain meds. Thus, the patients may have too much dilaudid or fentanyl on board upon arrival to the PACU. Sometimes the best choice is to use the fentanyl-which is short-acting and has a peak time of 30 minutes and small amounts of the dilaudid. If a nurse gives a patient too much of either fentanyl or dilaudid, the patient may stop breathing or have complications which is considered a medication error and/or overdose. Managing pain medication in the PACU based on assessment is an art. It takes experience, great assessment skills, and knowing one's medications. Administering too much may slow the patient's breathing down and narcan may be needed to be given.

Contract law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Contract law - Essay Example 20,000 to be paid in instalments related to the work completed. The plaintiff got into financial difficulties because the price was too low and he did not supervise the work properly. He had received over 80 per cent of the price but still had far more than 20 per cent of the work to do. The defendants were liable to a penalty clause in the main contract if the work was not completed on time. They were aware of the plaintiff’s difficulties and that the price was too low. They met him and agreed to pay him an extra ?10,300 at ?575 per flat to ensure that he continued with the work and completed on time. The plaintiff completed eight further flats and received a payment of ?1,500. He stopped work and sued for the money he alleged to be owing. The defendants denied liability and, in particular, that they were liable to pay any part of the additional ?10,300 because their agreement to pay it was not supported by any consideration. The judge held that the plaintiff was entitled to eight payments of ?575, less certain deductions. The defendants appealed. â€Å"My understanding of the meaning of the requirement that ‘consideration must move from the promisee’ is that such consideration must be provided by the promise, or arise out of his contractual relationship with the promisor. It is consideration provided by somebody else, not a party to the contract, which does not ‘move from the promisee’†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦but it is, of course, not the situation in the present case. Here the benefits to the defendants arose out of their agreement of April 9, 1986 with the plaintiff, the promise.(Glidewell L.J in Williams v Roffey Bros.[1990]) The judge(Glidewell L.J) further concluded that:† I repeat, therefore, my opinion that the judge was, as a matter of law, entitled to hold that there was valid consideration to support the agreement under which the defendants promised to pay an additional ?10,300 at the rate of ?575 per flat. For these rea sons I would dismiss this appeal† In answering the question as to whether promissory estoppel could have been of raised or whether it could have added relevance to Williams v Roffey Brothers, the answer is no, because of the limitations on the doctrine of promissory estoppel. It may be of paramount importance to find the relationship between consideration and promissory estoppel. Consideration originated simply as an indication of the need for a reason for enforcing a promise or obligation, such as the fact that the promisee had given something to the promisor in expectation that the promise would be fulfilled(Atayah, 1986). The rigid set of rules requires that there must be benefit and detriment, that past consideration is no consideration; that consideration must be of economic value; and that gratuitous promises will not generally be enforced. The doctrine of promissory estoppel on the other hand, derives from Lord Denning’s decision in Central London Property Trust Ltd v High Trees Ltd[1947] KB 130. The doctrine gives rise to situations in which a contract can in effect be varied without there being consideration. The facts are that by a lease under seal made on September 24, 1937, the plaintiffs, Central London property Trusts Ltd, granted to the defendants High Trees House Ltd, a subsidiary of the plaintiff company, a tenancy of a block of flats for the term of 99 years from September 29, 1937, at a ground rent of ?2, 500 a year.

Muslim Commercial Bank Limited

Muslim Commercial Bank Limited MCB Bank is the abbreviation of Muslim Commercial Bank Limited and it was established by the Adamje group on 9 July 1947, under the Indian company Act, Vll of 1913 as a company limited. This bank is established in view to provide the banking facility to the business community of the South Asia. This bank was nationalized in 1974 and at that time president of Pakistan was Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. This was the first bank to be privatized in 1991 and the bank was purchased by the Nishat Group. In the 2008, the Nishat Group holds the majority of the shares of this Bank. At that time MR. Atif Bajwa is the president of the Bank and that person is previously working with the Citi Bank. Nishat Group was founded in 1951. Nishat Group is the leading and most widely separated business Groups in Pakistan. The presence of Nishat Group in the important business sectors of the country like Banking, Textile, cement and insurance. Mian Muhmmad Mansha is the owner of the Nishat Group. The company has fixed and current assets of over 300billion and this company were included in one of the top five companies of the Pakistan. Mian Mansha played a very important role in the success of the bank. The Govt. of the Pakistan gave him Sitara-e-imtiaz and this is the most prestigious civil award of the country. If we take a look on the total asset of the bank that is 72,052,258 in March 2010 and if we take a look on the previous assets that was 69,740,013 we estimate that the bank is really working with a fast pace. And the profit after taxation of the company in March 2010 is 4,141,151 and at the end of the 2009 it was 4,134,971. Muslim commercial Bank agreement to buy the Royal Bank of Scotland but it fails to acquire proper license from State Bank of Pakistan. Profitability of MCB MCB is the Pakistans fourth largest bank in term of assets base 5.9 billion US dollar. The bank has the almost 1082 branches including 11 Islamic banking branches and over 300 ATM machines. During the last Fifteen year bank has concentrated on growth through improving service quality, investment in technology and people, utilizing its extensive branch network and managing the risk management. MCB has established business in SriLanka and Bahrain and newly established Rep. Office in Dubai. The bank has also formed a private company in Hong Kong in partnership with the Standard Charter bank, handling trade transactions in Asian-Pacific region. MCB also incorporated a leasing company in Azerbaijan in 2009. Fully owned Subsidiaries of MCB are; Muslim Commercial Financial Services (private) Limited MNET Services (private) Limited MCB Trade Services Limited MCB Asset Management Company Limited MCB Leasing Company Business Strategy of MCB The business strategy of MCB is to provide financial solutions in major segments for its customers. The bank has also established an Islamic Banking unit to offer Shariah complaint products and services, in six cities and the future plan is to establish more branches of Islamic banking and its branches is as much as the traditional banking branches have in the country. Nishat Textile Nishat Mills limited was founded in 1951. He has one of the largest Textile setup in the country. They have following production facility; 270,000 Spindles 740 looms Dying and printing capacity of 7 million meters Cement D.G Khan Cement Company Limited (DGKCC) is a unit of the Nishat Group and it is the largest Cement manufacturing company in the Pakistan with the capacity of 5500 tons clinker per day. They distribute their product in both nationwide and as well as internationally due to his consistent quality. This company is listed on all the stock exchanges of the Pakistan. Nishat Group also setup a new Cement manufacturing plant with a capacity of 6700 tons per day near kalar kahar, Distt. Chakwal. After the completion of this plant this will be the largest plant of the country. Financial Services MCB is the largest private bank in the country with a 1200 branches in Pakistan and they operate internationally. MCB was also the first bank of the country that is listed on the London stock exchange in October 2006. Values of MCB Bank Following are the vales of MCB Bank: Integrity Innovation Excellence Customer Centricity Respect Integrity We are the trustee of public fund and serve our community with integrity. We believe in being the best at always doing the right thing. We deliver on our responsibility and commitment to our customer as well as our colleagues. Innovation We encourage and reward people who challenge the status quo and think beyond the boundaries of the conventional. Our team work together for the smooth and efficient implementation of ideas and initiatives. Excellence We take personal responsibility for our role as leaders in pursuit of excellence. We are the performance driven, result oriented organization where merit is the only criterion for reward. Customer Centricity Our customers are at the heart of everything we do. We thrive on the challenge of understanding their needs and aspiration, both realized and unrealized. We make every effort to exceed customer expectation through superior services and solution. Respect We respect our customer values, beliefs, culture and history. We value the equality of gender and diversity of experience and education that our employees bring with them. We create an environment where each individual is enabling to succeed. Online services Following are the online services that offer by the MCB Bank. Million of Branches ATMs Call Center Bill Payment Funds transfer MCB Limited Announcing his Million of Branches in the Country MCB Limited has announced Mobile Banking facilities for its customers in July 2009, first time in Pakistan. Speaking on the event, Mr. Atif Bajwa, Head CEO of MCB Bank said that MCB Mobile was a first step in ensuring the cost effective delivery of financial service. He added that when the State Bank of Pakistans advent the Branchless Banking procedure, development of many new financial products and services were already in progress at MCB. These products is not developed only for the MCB customers, but they also watch that most of the people have mobiles nowadays but they have no access to the banks through the mobiles so MCB Bank Limited introduce that system that help their customers to access their accounts easily He further added, users of MCB Mobile are just not restricted to watching account balances or requesting mini-statements, they easily manage mass of payments, like pay utility bills, recharge their both pre paid and post paid connections and make payments of post paid numbers through their mobile phones, they can even transfer the amount from one account to another in few minutes. Mehreen Ahmed, Group Head of Consumer Banking, also speaking on the event, that MCB Mobile was developed to offer customers different facilities to access their account throughout a week from their mobile phones MCB Bank initiate the Wide Mobilization Mobilization has been started in MCB Bank at 5 April 2009. The objective of the team is together bank and makes ensure that maximum number of members of MCB login and use MCB Mobile. Remote banking team trained the peoples of MCB and how to use the MCB mobile to ensure that this is very successful across the country wide branches. MCB Limited sponsors 2nd Mobile-Commerce Meeting in Karachi MCB is the sponsors of the 2nd Annual Mobile Commerce meeting held in Karachi at 11 March 2009. The discussion was attended by a number of different Banks, Telcos and Technology. Mr. Atif Bajwa, Head of MCB Bank Limited, delivered a key note that is the Banks and Telecommunication Companys work together and to bring revolution in that field. He gives offer to the telecommunication companies come to join the hands of MCB mobile banking to produce something new that no longer exist in Pakistan. MCB meets the Chairman PTA A team of the bank that lead by Mr. Qasif Shahid Head of the remote banking system met with Dr. Yaseen the chairman of Pakistan Telecom Authority in February 2009. The meeting was attended by many of high ranking officers of PTA and members from all 5 Telecommunication Companies. Key issues about the successful development of Mobile Banking in Pakistan were discussed in that meeting. All the 5 Telecommunication companies are agreeing to make a task force that made a road map for Mobile Banking. These task forces have been created and complete their tasks under the supervision of PTA. MCB link up with Fundamo Mobile Banking MCB Bank has linked up with Fundamo for its Mobile Banking solutions in January 2009. Fundamos: Fundamo is the Enterprise financial services platform. Fundamo is the worlds largest mobile financial service provider; they have the expertise to build technologies, and they have experience and vision as well. Vision: Fundamo is the global mobile financial solution provider. The company was established in 2000 and looking towards providing financial services through mobile phones in both developing and developed countries. Leadership: The company has created its leadership position due to the history of innovation and successful development. This knowledge ensures that its customers will always hit their target markets. With over 30 successful development projects in over 20 countries Fundamos technology and development strategy is proven. Expertise: Fundamos leadership team has strong background knowledge in the financial services industry and has the strict design principles required for secure banking system, and they also taking advantage of its unique character in mobile phone. This new style of financial system represents a powerful banking system due to its simplicity and uniqueness. Collaborating for success: An important element of Fundamos is to collaborate with the specialist organization to effectively and efficiently meet the need of the client in the rapidly moving mobile financial service market. Global coverage: Fundamos is now a global company with a 20 clients in different countries. Fundamos has a direct business as well partner business operations in many other countries. Fundamo Solutions: Enterprise Edition. Mobile wallet. Mobile Banking. Mobile Money Transfer. Fundamo is working in Pakistan through their official partners Access Group (Pvt) Limited. Bottom of Form Loading Loading What can u do with the MCB mobile service? Account Balance Mini Statement Transfer of funds Purchase mobile Top-Ups through MCB Mobile service Pay your Mobile Bills Pay utility Bills Make Visa Credit Card payments Donation Services Balance inquiry You can check your account balance any time. Mini-Statement You can access the transactions of last six months from your bank account at any time, making it easier for you to manage your account. Fund Transfers You can send money to anyone through MCB Bank account. The receiver of the money does not have to be a registered with the MCB Mobile user. You can receive money by giving the complete number that contain 16-digits or the ATM card number of the receiver. Purchase Airtime for Prepaid Connections Now you can easily purchase prepaid airtime from these mobile companies: Mobilink UFone Zong Warid Zem Telenor Pay Postpaid Mobile bills Now you can forget to pay your bill to the franchise because MCB gives you the opportunity to pay the bill through MCB Mobile at any time without any difficulty. Mobilink UFone Zong Warid Telenor Pay the amount of Bills MCB Mobile gives you facility to make payments of utility bills. Like Electric city Sui Gas Water Charges Tele phone bills Make payments of MCB Visa Credit Card You can now easily pay your Visa Credit Card payments through MCB Mobile. Now you can pay minimum payment or the full amount. Report a Lost ATM card If you lost your ATM card during the usage you can inform to the bank immediately and the bank will deactivated that card. And issue new card on the demand of the customer but this is only for the register customers. Donations You can make donations to any charity through the use of MCB Mobile service within a second. Donations to the Prime Ministers Fund are being accepted through this service. More charities will be added. Questions that mostly people asked Following question asked by the people. Who is eligible to register for the services? Do I need a special mobile connection? Is number portability supported for MCB Mobile? Do I need special mobile phone (handset)? Can I still register if I dont have Internet on my phone? How can I activate GPRS/Internet? What is bank charging for it? Are there any other charges? Is this service safe to use? How do I register? What happens after I register? What are the payment limits? If I forget my Mobile PIN? Where do I find the terms conditions? Where can I get more information about the MCB Mobile? ATMs Service MCB ATM smart card works anytime, anywhere in Pakistan abroad. MCB smart card is accepted over 4000 ATMS nationwide. MCB enables you to access fast cash, account balance inquire, transfer of funds etc through 450 ATMs in the country. MCB bank offers different type of ATM cards: ATM Regular Card ATM Gold Card ATM Regular Card ATM Regular or classic card allow you to withdraw 15000 per day and minimum three withdraw in a day. ATM Gold Card ATM Gold card allow you to withdraw up to 25000 per day and minimum of six withdraw in a day. The other condition is that the cardholder has to make two transactions to withdraw the 25000 amount. Call Center MCB provide the call center facility to their customer through which you can take help from representatives. Those are available at any time. They can help you as well as give guidelines. You can all so take help about their credit card problems. MCB offers following services: General Inquires Financial Services Non- Financial Services General Inquires Following are the general inquires; ATM locations Account opening procedures MCB Bank Charges All MCB Product related information MCB Merchant locations Financial Services Following are the different Financial Services; Inquiry of account balance Request for transfer of funds Details of Debit Card transitions Detail for last five transitions Request for all Credit Cards Blocking Service of ATM Card throughout the day Payment for all the Bills Purchase vouchers Non Financial Services Following are the Non Financial Services; Request for Credit Card address change Virtual Banking activation Complaint registrations 24 hours a day Mobile Banking activation Call 111-000-MCB (622) Bill Payments MCB give you the services through which you can pay your bills and recharge your mobile accounts. So we save our time through this and pay our bills easily. MCB smart card holder can also pay their bills easily. Bills Payment Features Following are the Features; Pay your Bills throughout the week Make full or half payment. Full payment is required only for PTCL Recharge your prepaid account Pay as a register or non register user. This will help you to avoid the time delay. SWOT ANALYSIS Strength Long Establishment Long establishment is one of the strength of MCB over private banks. Due to this it earn a name in the market, The biggest Infrastructure MCB has the biggest infrastructure among the entire private bank. So it is making business from one corner of the country to another corner of the country. Other factors are: Brand image because of Muslim word in the name in an Islamic country. In a growing economy of Pakistan. Has strong market presence. Mainly operating by Mansha Group. Offers a wide variety of services to its customer and has a customer bank of round about 4 million. The bank has efficient IT infrastructure and network of online services. MCB is working in Pakistan over 60 years of success. MCB fall under the big 5 domestic banks of Pakistan. Bank is continuously focusing on developing new and innovative products to attract the target market. Asset utilization is very good. GPRS enable banking. Weaknesses In the changing environment where MCB has some strength it has some weaknesses also, some of the weak factors are; None Professional staff MCB keeps non professional staff even on higher post who is promoted from the typist and clerical area after a long time. Nationalization Effect When MCB was nationalized by BHUTTOs Govt. it was the glooming period of MCB. During that period, MCB suffered a lot. Govt. Influence Non-professional and bureaucratic people were placed at the top mgt level who knows nothing about the banking and they damage the repute of the bank in the markets as well. Lack of dynamism When a newly person employed in the bank they want to leave the bank very soon. Because the promotion period of the bank is so late till you retire. So lake at dynamism comes to the personality. He is no further creative in his life. So increasing age of the staff is one of the weaknesses of the bank because banks needs young and creative person who have the ability to meet the changing response of the environment. Advances to non productive units During the nationalized period, a lot of amounts are forwarded to the non productive unit just on political bases. Most of the advances are not still paid and not even written off. Other factors are: Political instability Internal political issues Less job satisfaction of employees. Customers facing problems of NADRA verification while opening their accounts because its process is time consuming. To give everyone equal protocol is lacking among employees customers having account with small amount and not giving same services like dealing to others who have high account. Lack of organizational loyalty among employees. Promotion is generally on seniority bases. External Environment Opportunity Having an edge over the other commercial banks, MCB has greater profit, greater growth rate and market share than other commercial banks. Privatization After privatization bank deposits has accelerated tremendous speed because it gave the opportunity to get rid of critical influences and to put the bank on the professional root. Other factors are: To go global Low exposure to consumer banking providing opportunity to explore the segment. Emergence of Islamic banking in the country and MCB is increasing its Islamic banking operations. SBP police to allow Islamic banking business separately. Free staff training facilities offered. Greater profitability can be achieved through strong internal control. Elimination of risk of fraud through professional training. Opportunity to open a branch in rural area to increase its branch network and gain more profit. New schemes for deposit and finances should be introduced regularly. Threats Private Banks Like citi bank and ABN amro are entering in the market with a greater power and strength in terms of brand name. Govt. Policies MCB faces the great threat from the Govt. policies like as finance the non productive units housing etc. so the bank does not feel the freedom in operating on its own view point, which is a threat for the bank. Because the bank is purely commercial so it should have autonomy to make its own decisions. Other factors are: Increasing competition in banking sector of Pakistan. Strong competition. Rising deposit rates. Foreign banks in the market having more marketing budget. People losing trust in banks. Participation of foreign banks in local market that can hurt the market share. Restructuring of privatized banks. PEST ANALYSIS Political Political instability in Pakistan can lead to changes in laws and policies which can be in favor or against the banking sector. Economic Economy of Pakistan is facing issues about employment, inflation, illiteracy, which hinder business growth. Social Cultural issues can be there but still as there are multinational companies there, therefore, cultural issues are not prominent. Technology People are highly skilled and MCB can introduce new technology to increase competencies. Porters Model The basis of much of the thinking on competitive advantage has been the writing of Michael Porter. Porter in his book COMPETITVE STRATEGY: techniques for analyzing industries and competitors (1980) introduced his model of competitive rivalry. Competitor rivalries are: Competitive rivalry Threat of potential new entrant to the sector Threat of substitution product or services to the existing trade The Bargaining power of buyers The Bargaining power of suppliers Threat of potential entrants Competitive Rivalry Bargaining power of buyer Bargaining power of supplier Threat of substitution Threat of New Entrants The threat of new entrant relates to the ease with which a company can enter a given trade sector. Barrier to entry into a particular market include the need for capital, knowledge and skills. The barrier to entry, for example, in banking industry if a bank is working in particular area where any other bank is exist or any other branch is exist in the same city. Then the competition is exit and threat is exist for the bank that already exists. With the entrants of competitor your business is really suffer to overcome their competitor you have to introduce new strategies and make plans. IT can be a barrier to enter to a given market place. Existing players in the sector may well have a substantial in IS / IT, including for instance the use of EDI to co ordinate their supply chain. This experience and investment can be difficult for the new entrant to match. The converse is that development in IT and e- commerce may leave existing players with a heavy investment in expensive, old technologies giving the new entrants the opportunities to enter the market with fresh ideas and a business plan facilitated by a new generation of IT provision. Internet e- commerce is a technology that can facilitate new entrants to existing markets without the need to match the IT and infrastructure investment of the existing players. Threat of Substitution Substitution is a threat to existing players where a new product becomes available that supplies the same function as the existing product or services. If we take the examples of banks if any commercial bank is not providing good services to their customers are not giving proper care to the customers then the customers go for the substitute where they find good services and where bank provide or give values to their customer as a priority. The IT industry has itself substitute many products previously used in business with the replacement of the typewriter by the word processor being but one example of the e- commerce technologies, internet e- commerce has the potential to make significant inroads in the traditional retail sector with online banking. Bargaining power of Buyers For a business to be profitable the cost of producing and distributing its product has to be less then price it can fetch in the market place. Where there are a number of competitors in the market or the surplus of supply the buyer is in a strong position to bargain for a low price and for other favorable conditions of trade. Over recent years the large retail chains have developed a strong bargaining position. The bargaining strength of the buyer is of least threat to the low cost producer that organization can agree to tight terms of trade that competitor firms could not profitably match. The other defence is to have a branded product that the store will feel obliged to stock because their customers expect it. Bargaining power of suppliers The organization whilst trying to get an adequate price from its buyers will be looking to get favorable terms from its own suppliers. The organizations ability to get a good deal is the mirror image of its positions with the buyers. If the supply is plentiful or there are several suppliers it should get a good price. If the product is scarce or the number of suppliers that are able to meet its needs is limited then the supplier is in a more favorable position. Competition between Existing Players The final force is the competition between existing players in the market. The competition is to get the buyers and to trade at a price that produces an acceptable profit. That competition is won on the basis of the generic competition advantage of price, differentiation or focus. The competitive position of each organization is determined in part as least by the deal it is able to make with its suppliers. The competitive position of each organization is not absolute; in most markets the factors that lead to a successful deal in one place at a given time will not necessarily be replicated in the next bargain that is to b struck. Impacts of E- Business Following are the impacts that E- business have o the bank: New sales channel Cost leadership Reduced entry cost New opportunities Information System Efficient quality controlling Easy fraud detection in transaction Easy data saving Easy data recovery Easy management of business transaction New sales channel E- Business is the new way of sale channel in the market. You can introduce any kind of your new product on your official website. The internet completely changes the selling process for both the buyers and sellers. Electronic commerce users found that they can reduce the cost of sale through the internet. Internet is a very well media to advertise their product because if you launch your own site this is very help full for you because it is easier to buy anything from the site rather to go there and then decide. You can easily access the site and it is helpful for customer point of view because it takes less time and your required thing is at your door. Last many years advertising through internet is increased very rapidly manufacturers put every information about the product on the site so you can read it easily and you get familiar with the new product features. Amazon.com is the retail store for selling books through internet. Amazon is the most successful internet business launc hes ever. In MCB as they launch their mobile banking service customer feel much satisfaction because before launching this service or before online banking customers have to go to the bank for balance inquire are for any other service. After this service customer can check and access their account at their home and can send their money anywhere in the country easily. MCB mobile banking is the new way of doing business and they can send SMS to their users for the latest services that they introduced in the market. C:UsersTahirDesktopmarketing.jpg C:UsersTahirDesktopresearch2.jpg Cost Leader Ship Cost leadership is a concept used in business strategy and it is developed by Michael Porter. It describes the competitive advantage in the firm. Cost leadership means reducing the cost of operation in the industry. The cost leadership is often determined by company efficiency, size, scale, scope, and cumulative experience. A cost leadership means to increase the level of production well defined scope and other economics and producing high quality products by using high technologies. In the last few years many companies used strategy mix to achieve market leadership. Companies that wish to follow the cost leadership strategy must maintain constant efforts to reduce the cost. Cost reduction strategies include: Establishing tight control of production Minimize the cost of sale Like the multinational bank MCB launched their online services like mobile banking. This is launched to reduce the luxuries and to introduce the branch less banking that mean it reduce the cost of branches for example if they remove the branches that mean saving of cost in term of removing employees and cost of electricity and many other expenses of branches. C:UsersTahirDesktophourglass-703070.jpg Reduced Entry Cost Reduced Cost of entry means introduce the new product to the market. Cost of entry includes the cost of all research, development, production, testing, marketing, advertising and distribution of the new product. Developing a website is reduced all these cost because internet provide you an easy access to every information so if you want to increase the production capacity you can find the new production techniques on the net. And you can adopt that according to your need. If we take advertising websites and online other sources like newspapers, magazines reduced the cost of advertising very much. In traditional way of doing advertising like print the papers and join the local media this will charge you high cost at limited area coverage. But the internet is away that give you an opportunity to advertise the product on a larger scale. If we talk

Cambridge :: essays research papers

England is famous for its educational institutes. It has some of the most famous universities of the world like Oxford, Cambridge and London universities. The city of Cambridge is in the county of Cambridgeshire and is famous because it is the home of Cambridge University, one of the oldest and most prestigious universities of the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Cambridge City occupies an area of 16 square miles. It is 50 miles north of London and stands on the East Bank of the River Cam, and was originally a place where the river was crossed. Other than being the home of Cambridge University, Cambridge City itself is a very lively city. It provides a lot of entertainment such as Ballet, Opera, Drama, Music, and Film. The river is use mostly for pleasure of boating and punting. The Fitzwilliam Museum, the University Museum of Archaeology, and the University Museum of the Zoology are among the best of all museums in Europe. Foundation of Cambridge   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The foundation of Cambridge goes back to 11th century when Norman’s built a castle at River Cam. During Romans time, a small town situated just north of river in the Castle Hill area. The town was called Granata. Later on during the Saxon period, it was known as Grantabridge, which means Swampy River Bridge. The name later became Cantabridge and then by 14th century, Cambridge. Foundation of the University Of Cambridge  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The University of Cambridge was establish by religious groups like Franciscans and Dominicans in the early 12th century students from the Oxford University and Paris University left to study in Cambridge in the 13th century. The origin of the college is trace to the association of the students, distinctive form of religious affiliated groups, who began to reside in independent hostels, or halls. Later on some tension developed between the town people and students known as â€Å"town and gown† conflict. This conflict led to the establishment of the first college, Peterhouse in 1284 by Bishop of Ely. In 1318, Pope John XXII issued a bull recognizing Cambridge as a â€Å"Stadium Generale†, or a place of study; that is a University. The University Of Cambridge From Past To Present   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The university was basically established to study for religious purposes. It was one of the important centers of Protestant Reformation in the 16th century. Some of the famous religious reformers like William Tyndale, Hugh Latimer and Thomas Cranmer were graduates of Cambridge.

Infant Observation

His parents are part of the Chinese Culture. He has black hair and beautiful big brown eyes. His little arms and legs are chunky. In proportion to his body his head seems to be bigger but It's not. 2) When I was doing my observation he was playing. Perception: 3) TTT mostly observes objects with bright colors about few seconds before he drops It to find the next curious object. When put down onto the floor he crawls right towards the toys, telling his mom that he prefers colors.As his mom move a toy In front of his face side to side, he follows It with his eyes and his head. When his mom play some music he turns his head towards the source of the sound and starts to crawl closer to the music. 4)No real regular actions to make his mom believe he Is In need of any special Item other than food when he Is hungry. Motor Development: 5) Blinking reflex-when his mom blow on his face his eyes respond by blanking. 6) I see him exploring his surroundings, at objects and feeling them. He Is cra wling, he an walk while holding onto furniture or he is sitting when examining a toy. ) He moves his head in a normal way. 8) He can reach sitting position alone. He does so by bending one knee and backing down onto his behind. 9) He grasps an object on right hand while holding his upper body with his other hand (left) onto the floor. He lets go of the object by dropping it at his side to grab the next. Cognitive Development: 10) To find out if TTT has a concept of object permanence his mom used the Pigged method. His mom shoved TTT a toy and then his mom covered it with a blanket. He grabbed the blanket off the toy.That tells his mom has a clear concept of object permanence 1 1) Seniority activity -His eyes focus on bright colors and he responds to sounds by looking toward the sounds. Language Development: 12) When IT'S mom said â€Å"this is ball? ‘ and TTT looking at the ball. 13)TTT used babbling and single words to express his language he would say â€Å"bababababababaà ¢â‚¬  â€Å"tetetetetetetetete† deadheaded†. When he looked at him mother he would Sara†. I understand that there are many factors influencing the upbringing of children with ultra similarities as well as differences. All mothers encourage . Heir children to play and talk. Yet prior research have shown that U. S. Children learn object names more rapidly than children elsewhere, Even Chinese culture encourages people to see themselves in active relationship to others rather than separate individuals. Proportion to his body his head seems to be bigger but it's not. 2) When I was doing it to find the next curious object. When put down onto the floor he crawls right towards the toys, telling his mom that he prefers colors. As his mom move a toy in Ron of his face side to side, he follows it with his eyes and his head.When his mom crawl closer to the music. 4)No real regular actions to make his mom believe he is in need of any special item other than food when he is h ungry. Motor Development: 5) Blinking reflex-when his mom blow on his face his eyes respond by blinking. 6) I see him exploring his surroundings, at objects and feeling them. He is crawling, he 12) When IT'S mom said â€Å"this is ball? † and TTT looking at the ball. Infant Observation On Wednesday, July 19th, I had a chance to observe carefully an infant for about half an hour in my psychology class at Santa Monica College. The infant, Ali Osman is a healthy, playfull boy, appeared to be of Middle Eastern origin. He is 15. 5 months old, 32 tall and weighs about 24 lbs with brown curly hair, dark brown eyes and fairly tanned skin. 1. There were several kinds of toys like blocks, dolls, automobiles†¦ in the room. However, when he just came in, he was immediately drawn to the dolls with intense focus. Eventhough there wasn't any way to measure his heart rate or brain wave, I could easily tell how interested he was by the way he gazed, touched and played with the dolls. This could be explained by the fact that the perception of an unfamiliar stimulus usually elicits physiological responses (Berger, p. 156). Later, this explanation of mine for his behavior was confirmed to be correct by his mother that he had never seen a doll before. Clearly, he was sensing the strange object and trying to perceive it. And exactly as the text said, eventually, habituation occurs, in which the stimulus becomes so familiar and uninteresting that these responses slow down. (Berger, p. 156), he got tired of the dolls and began to pay attention to other toys and people around. 2. According to table 5. 2, the Age Norms for Motor Skills in Berger, p. 153, for his age of 15. 5 months, 90% of all babies master the skill of walking. Beside being able to walk, just like the majority of infants at his age (from 1-2 years old), Ali is quite a toddler, for the characteristic way they move their bodies, toddling from side to side. (Berger, p. 151). Still toddling but Ali obviously belongs to the upper half of the population in mastering his gross motorskill since he is also able to walk backward, a skill that only 50% of infant could master at his age according to again table 5. 2. 3. Ali is quite a friendly kid, he is not afraid to be with strangers proving by the fact that he could interact very comfortably with me, my classmates, and other babies. However, when there was some unfamiliar things happened, he always looked for and ran to his mother as described in proximity-seeking behaviors (like when the new baby twins came in or when someone made a scary face to him) (Berger, p. 26). He is a representative of secure attachment by showing that he had no problem with being away from his mother and exploring on his own (Berger, p. 228). Besides, he also reacted to the Strange Situation the way we expected from a secured child as stated in Berger on page 228 and table 7. 1, p. 230. 4. After playing for awhile, he came up to me w ith a book and showed me the content, then he gurgled something, clearly wanting me to read it to him. His intention was well understood. Without sufficient vocabulary, using only hollowphrases, he still has no communication problem, afterall, communication is about understanding not vocabulary anyway (Berger, p. 198). He showed clear signs of understanding his mother's commands such as up, down, kiss, bye†¦ by following them. His spoken language has been developed normally according to table 6. 2 in Berger, p. 194. One interesting thing was that when he was sitting in the chair and reading the book, he did not make any recognizable word but bla.. bla.. la†¦ , however, the way I see it, that was not babbling, he was probably pretending to read but he could not find any word that matched with the content of the book so he ended up with that one-size-fits-all babble. 5. At the age of 15. 5 months, Ali is falling into Piaget's stage five, the stage for experimentation and exploration (Berger, pp. 192-193). Piaget referred to the stage-five toddler as the little scientist who experiments in order to see. (Berger, p. 193). Ali is a very active, playful and curious boy. Just look at the way he studied the dolls at the beginning and how he played and discovered how to roll some round thing (I don't know what it was) later, you will see. And fitting the blocks into their right holes also shows that Ali is in fact a little scientist with his trial and error experimentation. 6. Ali is passed the age to be awe by peek-a-boo because he has achieved Object Permanence, the realization that objects still exist even when they cannot be seen, touched or heard (Berger, p. 181), as early as 4. 5 months old. As stated in Berger on page 182, to find a hidden object requires at least two abilities: setting a goal and knowing how to achieve it. , and a child will not have those abilities until he is at least 8 months old. Ali is way passed that so he could find something that Dr. Berg was trying to hide under a towel easily. He still enjoys this hide-and-seek game, but it is much less fun at his age unless the hiding is less obvious (Berger, p. 183). 7. Ali has a wonderful personality, which is the emotions, behaviors, and attitudes that make an individual unique (Berger, p. 16), or as least I think so for the following reasons. He is outgoing, assertive, active, easygoing, kind and helpful†¦. This characteristic puts him into the 40% easy-temperament (Berger, p. 221). With further observation, I can safely conclude that Ali belongs to the first two dimensions of temperaments in the big five, which are Extroversion and Agreeableness (Berger, p. 221). I cannot believe that I was able to see so much in a child the way the text shows in such a short period. I was particularly impressed with how incredibly secured Ali was, which shows through his friendliness, kindness and curiosity. In addition to his well developed cognitive skill (in communicating, learning, playing†¦ ), his general physical conditions as well as his motor skills are also astounding. I would be very happy if I could raise such a healthy child in the future. Finally, I cannot find any problem in your observation setup. Well, afterall, you've been doing this for years, I just don't see how I can beat that. Infant Observation On Wednesday, July 19th, I had a chance to observe carefully an infant for about half an hour in my psychology class at Santa Monica College. The infant, Ali Osman is a healthy, playfull boy, appeared to be of Middle Eastern origin. He is 15. 5 months old, 32 tall and weighs about 24 lbs with brown curly hair, dark brown eyes and fairly tanned skin. 1. There were several kinds of toys like blocks, dolls, automobiles†¦ in the room. However, when he just came in, he was immediately drawn to the dolls with intense focus. Eventhough there wasn't any way to measure his heart rate or brain wave, I could easily tell how interested he was by the way he gazed, touched and played with the dolls. This could be explained by the fact that the perception of an unfamiliar stimulus usually elicits physiological responses (Berger, p. 156). Later, this explanation of mine for his behavior was confirmed to be correct by his mother that he had never seen a doll before. Clearly, he was sensing the strange object and trying to perceive it. And exactly as the text said, eventually, habituation occurs, in which the stimulus becomes so familiar and uninteresting that these responses slow down. (Berger, p. 156), he got tired of the dolls and began to pay attention to other toys and people around. 2. According to table 5. 2, the Age Norms for Motor Skills in Berger, p. 153, for his age of 15. 5 months, 90% of all babies master the skill of walking. Beside being able to walk, just like the majority of infants at his age (from 1-2 years old), Ali is quite a toddler, for the characteristic way they move their bodies, toddling from side to side. (Berger, p. 151). Still toddling but Ali obviously belongs to the upper half of the population in mastering his gross motorskill since he is also able to walk backward, a skill that only 50% of infant could master at his age according to again table 5. 2. 3. Ali is quite a friendly kid, he is not afraid to be with strangers proving by the fact that he could interact very comfortably with me, my classmates, and other babies. However, when there was some unfamiliar things happened, he always looked for and ran to his mother as described in proximity-seeking behaviors (like when the new baby twins came in or when someone made a scary face to him) (Berger, p. 26). He is a representative of secure attachment by showing that he had no problem with being away from his mother and exploring on his own (Berger, p. 228). Besides, he also reacted to the Strange Situation the way we expected from a secured child as stated in Berger on page 228 and table 7. 1, p. 230. 4. After playing for awhile, he came up to me w ith a book and showed me the content, then he gurgled something, clearly wanting me to read it to him. His intention was well understood. Without sufficient vocabulary, using only hollowphrases, he still has no communication problem, afterall, communication is about understanding not vocabulary anyway (Berger, p. 198). He showed clear signs of understanding his mother's commands such as up, down, kiss, bye†¦ by following them. His spoken language has been developed normally according to table 6. 2 in Berger, p. 194. One interesting thing was that when he was sitting in the chair and reading the book, he did not make any recognizable word but bla.. bla.. la†¦ , however, the way I see it, that was not babbling, he was probably pretending to read but he could not find any word that matched with the content of the book so he ended up with that one-size-fits-all babble. 5. At the age of 15. 5 months, Ali is falling into Piaget's stage five, the stage for experimentation and exploration (Berger, pp. 192-193). Piaget referred to the stage-five toddler as the little scientist who experiments in order to see. (Berger, p. 193). Ali is a very active, playful and curious boy. Just look at the way he studied the dolls at the beginning and how he played and discovered how to roll some round thing (I don't know what it was) later, you will see. And fitting the blocks into their right holes also shows that Ali is in fact a little scientist with his trial and error experimentation. 6. Ali is passed the age to be awe by peek-a-boo because he has achieved Object Permanence, the realization that objects still exist even when they cannot be seen, touched or heard (Berger, p. 181), as early as 4. 5 months old. As stated in Berger on page 182, to find a hidden object requires at least two abilities: setting a goal and knowing how to achieve it. , and a child will not have those abilities until he is at least 8 months old. Ali is way passed that so he could find something that Dr. Berg was trying to hide under a towel easily. He still enjoys this hide-and-seek game, but it is much less fun at his age unless the hiding is less obvious (Berger, p. 183). 7. Ali has a wonderful personality, which is the emotions, behaviors, and attitudes that make an individual unique (Berger, p. 16), or as least I think so for the following reasons. He is outgoing, assertive, active, easygoing, kind and helpful†¦. This characteristic puts him into the 40% easy-temperament (Berger, p. 221). With further observation, I can safely conclude that Ali belongs to the first two dimensions of temperaments in the big five, which are Extroversion and Agreeableness (Berger, p. 221). I cannot believe that I was able to see so much in a child the way the text shows in such a short period. I was particularly impressed with how incredibly secured Ali was, which shows through his friendliness, kindness and curiosity. In addition to his well developed cognitive skill (in communicating, learning, playing†¦ ), his general physical conditions as well as his motor skills are also astounding. I would be very happy if I could raise such a healthy child in the future. Finally, I cannot find any problem in your observation setup. Well, afterall, you've been doing this for years, I just don't see how I can beat that.

Events Leading Up To The American Revolution Essays - Free Essays

Events Leading Up To The American Revolution Essays - Free Essays Events Leading up to the American Revolution With the research that I have done, I have come up with the following information on the events leading to the American Revolution. After the French-Indian War the British Government decided to reap greater benefits from the colonies. The colonies were pressed with greater taxes without any representation in Britain. This eventually lead to the Boston Tea Party. In retaliation the British passed what are now considered the Intolerable (or Coercive Acts) to bring the colonies to the heal of the King. The Intolerable (or Coercive Acts) *Quartering Act: Effective March 24, 1765 This bill required that colonial authorities to furnish barracks and supplies to British troops. In 1766, it was expanded to public houses and unoccupied buildings. *Stamp Act: Effective March 24, 1765 This bill raised revenue in the American colonies. The bill require that all legal documents, licenses, commercial contracts, newspapers, pamphlets, and playing cards to have a tax stamp on them. This act was already in place in Great Britain and just extended itself into the colonies. It was put in place to raise money to cut the costs of keeping the military troops in the colonies. It was undebated in Britain, but it brought much opposition among the colonists, who said that it was because they had no representation in Parliament, and that they couldn?t be taxed without having some voice in the matters. Colonial businessmen stopped importing British goods until Britain would repeal the act. Most of the colonists refused to use the stamps on business papers and courts would not use them on official documents. Since it was opposed by the British business community the act was repealed by the British Parliament on March 4, 1766, after Benjamin Franklin, Pennsylvania?s representative in London, spoke on behalf of the American colonists. It?s repeal was followed by the Declaratory Act which gave the British Government the right to legally tax the colonists by any acts they wanted. *Boston Port Act: Effective June 1, 1774 This bill closed the port of Boston to all colonists until, the damages from the Boston Tea Party were paid for. The bill also moved the seat of government of the Massachusetts Bay Colony from Boston to Salem. Most of the colonists were upset and showed sorrow for the town by setting, the day that the bill went into effect, aside as a day of fasting and of prayer. To make sure that this act was enforced correctly British troops were sent to Boston, along with enough boats to blockade the port. however there where towns in New England that sent grain and other types of food to Boston. *Administration of Justice Act: Effective May 20, 1774 This bill stated that British Officials could not be tried in provincial courts for capital crimes. They would be extradited back to Britain and tried there. This effectively gave the British free reign to do whatever they wished, because no justice would be served while they were still in the colonies. *Massachusetts Government Act: Effective May 20, 1774 This bill effectively annulled the charter of the colonies, giving the British Governor complete control of the town meetings, and taking control out of the hands of the colonists. *Quebec Act: Effective May 20, 1774 This bill extended the Canadian borders to cut off The Western Colonies of Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Virginia. Although this was not passed as one of the Intolerable Acts it is considered to be one of them because it stopped forward progress of the colonies and took some of their land. Events *Sugar Smuggling trade flourished for many decades, while the British government made few attempts to enforce the Molasses Act. In 1764, realizing they had massive losses of potential revenue, the new prime minister of Britain, George Grenville, started a policy of strict enforcement of the customs laws, and later that year the Molasses Act was replaced by the Sugar Act. The provisions of this new act raised the tax on sugar and lowered the tax on molasses; added a tax to Madeira wine; and imposed a difficult bonding procedure to be applied to all shipped merchandise. The Sugar Act was generally enforced although its tax was eventually lowered. *Townshend Acts: This bill was passed by Parliament in 1767, affecting the Thirteen Original Colonies The first part of the bill suspended the New York Assembly, penalizing it for not complying with a law, that was enacted two years beforehand. That reprimanded the colonies to house the

Friendship with Your Reader

Friendship with Your Reader Friendship is born at that moment when one person says to another: What! You too? I thought I was the only one. ~ C. S. Lewis Whether you write poetry, scripts, freelance features, nonfiction, memoir, or novels, your goal is to touch minds with a reader. And if the stars align, and you write like an angel, you connect with many readers, making them think you are of like souls. Think of yourself as a reader, and remember that special book that touched you once upon a time. The author reached across the void with characters, storytelling, and voice, and made you believe they understood you as a human being. The author deemed you credible, and you felt the same in return. But friendship with your readers means more these days. Once your writing passes muster, you are expected to be readily available online. You are also expected to respect the reader, because they invested time into the reading of your words. Not only do you want to feed them the words they want to hear, but you want to let them know you appreciate them for giving you attention in return. Its a personal relationship. Someone with my publishing house asked me why I still did face-to-face appearances when everyone did online events these days. I told that to a room of twenty ladies this week at a book club, and their faces expressed a combination of shock, disagreement, and dismay. Rumblings went around the room as everyone discussed how they appreciate a writer who dares make appearances, giving to the reader in return for reading the book. One lady even came up to me afterwards and said that she was about to give up on coming until she heard me, and I convinced her to stick with her book club, all because of the experience I gave her that night. So, if you think its about selling books, youre wrong. If you think its about your Facebook numbers, youre wrong. Its about becoming intimate with your readers, embracing them, thanking them for choosing your work to read when the world is flooded with choices. You owe yourself to your readers. Thanks Hope TWITTER http://twitter.com/hopeclark FACEBOOK facebook.com/chopeclark GOODREADS goodreads.com/hopeclark BOOKBUB https://www.bookbub.com/authors/c-hope-clark