In His Position As King Of Babylonia, Hammurabi Managed To Essays

In his position as King of Babylonia, Hammurabi managed to organize the world's first code of laws and establish Babylon as the dominant and successful Amorite city of its time. "Records written on clay tablets show that Hammurabi was a very capable administrator and a successful warrior. His rule spanned from 1792 B.C. to 1750 B.C. When he became king in 1792, he was still young, but had already become entrusted with many official duties in his administration" (Grolier). In the early years of his reign, Hammurabi mostly participated in traditional activities, such as repairing buildings, digging canals, and fighting wars. Yet later in his rule, Hammurabi organized a unique code of laws, the first of its kind, therefore making himself one of the world's most influential leaders. Hammurabi was primarily influential to the world because of his code of laws. This code consisted of 282 provisions, systematically arranged under a variety of subjects. He sorted his laws into groups such as family, labor, personal property, real estate, trade, and business. This was the first time in history that any laws had been categorized into various sections. This format of organization was emulated by civilizations of the future. For example, Semitic cultures succeeding Hammurabi's rule used some of the same laws that were included in Hammurabi's code. Hammurabi's method of thought is evident in present day societies which are influenced by his code. Modern governments currently create specific laws, which are placed into their appropriate family of similar laws. Hammurabi had his laws recorded upon an eight foot high black stone monument. Hammurabi based his code on principles like, the strong should not injure the weak, and that punishment should fit the crime. As for punishment, "legal actions were initiated under the code by written pleadings; testimony was taken under oath. The code was severe in it's penalties, prescribing "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.""(Grolier). This code of laws was able to be maintained by invoking the authority of the gods and the state. Although the punishments were different than those of today, the authority of the state (government) is similar. Currently, punishments are issued through the state's law enforcement system, comparable to the way punishment was determined and enforced in ancient Babylon. In the code, crimes punishable by death required a trial in front of a bench of judges. Included in these crimes were: bigamy, incest, kidnapping, adultery and theft. There were also laws similar to today. For example, a husband who wished to divorce his wife, was required to pay alimony and child support. By creating the world's first set of organized laws, Hammurabi constituted a model set of moral codes for other civilizations to duplicate. "The code of Hammurabi is believed to have greatly influenced the development of Near Eastern civilizations for centuries after it was written"(Britannica). Although Hammurabi failed to establish an effective bureaucratic system himself, his ideas were successful in establishing laws in Babylonia. Since Babylon was the world's first metropolis, the large population needed to be bound by a strict set of organized civil laws. The way Hammurabi constructed his laws is influential to the world today, because laws can be more easily understood by the people. --- Bibliography "Code of Hammurabi." Encyclopedia Britannica (1989), X, 682. "Hammurabi." Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia (1994). "Hammurabi." Compton's Encyclopedia (1990), XI, 225.

The Educational Disparity... essays

The Educational Disparity... essays Access to the best possible education is a right all students should possess. For some students in Westchester County, this right can be harder to achieve than for others. This is mainly due to the fact that these children are of minority backgrounds and are the victims of inferior education, in both white and minority schools. In fact, only 63 students of minority heritages participate in Pelham Memorial High School (PMHS)s honors or Advanced Placement (AP) programs. This number comes out of a total pool of 530 honors/AP students at this predominantly white school in Westchester County. (Survey of honors/AP teachers at PHMS) This percentage of minorities in honors/AP classes, less than twelve percent of the honors/AP population, is a far cry from the percentage of minorities at PMHS (22%). The discrepancies do not end in the Pelham Union Free School District; they exist throughout Westchester County, where schools primarily comprised of minorities constantly perform poorer tha n their white counterparts. There are numerous reasons for this discrepancy within an educational system that is intended to be nurturing them and lending them every advantage available. While there are many people to place fault upon for this disparity, every facet of the Westchester educational system can take a piece of the blame for its favoritism towards students of white descent. A major reason for the lack of minority students in the honors/AP programs at white high schools, such as PMHS, is a system called tracking. Tracking is a process by which students are separated according to particular measures of intelligence into classes with curriculum deemed suitable for their level of intelligence. However, this system often creates more problems than it solves as it often favors white students over minority students. In many districts, course-enrollment patterns inside individual schools replicate this pattern ...

Explain three (3) world arguments for birth control and two (2) world Essay

Explain three (3) world arguments for birth control and two (2) world arguments against birth control. Give original examples (not in the textbooks) or further clarification of each viewpoint or position - Essay Example ore necessary to re-examine some old and new arguments for birth control because the reasons are valid and make tremendous sense to any sensible person concerned with human life. Some people have raised these alarms many times but were just ignored over the years. The foremost argument for birth control is an old one, raised several centuries ago by a famous English scholar and political economist Thomas Robert Malthus (1766-1834). He argued that human populations are subject to the same limiting factors as any other living species in the world such as famine, diseases and available food supplies. Human populations tend to grow or outstrip increases in food supplies and would simply result in majority of humans suffering under a cloud of hunger and misery. This is very much evident today in various parts of the world such as Africa where famines occur regularly. Moreover, the total arable land has decreased over the years due to increasing development and the rise of urbanization, reducing the area available for food production. Additionally, human activities have led to pollution of water supplies, which make potable water difficult to obtain in many areas and droughts also caused supply scarcity. The worlds natural resources are mostly finite in nature, and any increase in humans will surely contribute to depletion of these supplies. Water, food and energy are not readily or always renewable in limitless quantities and some form of birth control has to be instituted. The world is definitely reaching its limits that can sustain an acceptable level in the quality of life. A consequence of increased human populations is the issue of global warming. Climate change is now upon us and this has affected everything on Earth, including the ability to raise the food crops necessary for survival and the water supplies for irrigation. More people means more carbon footprint and harmful gas emissions that contribute to the worsening of global warming. On the other hand,

Reducing Errors by Improving Pain Medication Knowledge Thesis Proposal

Reducing Errors by Improving Pain Medication Knowledge - Thesis Proposal Example Therefore, it is necessary for the post-anesthesia care unit nurse to be familiar with these medications such that medication errors or overdoses may be avoided. In order to prepare a nurse to be adequate in the PACU, proper procedure should be reviewed with regards to these medications so that he or she is well-prepared to face challenges in pain management, which include: being able to manage the control of pain with dilaudid and fentanyl, being able to alleviate loneliness or other psychological challenges of the patient; and helping the family to be supportive of the patient in the post-anesthesia care unit. Area I: The Problem and its Environmental Context The specific problem is that the subject of this study works in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) at UC Davis Medical Center in Sacramento, California. The Unit has a staff of 60 RN's who are certified nurses at levels I, II, and III. At times the Unit will receive patients that have received medications for specific reasons or they have received pain medications for post-surgery purposes. Typically, the patients have received both fentanyl (a short-acting pain medication) and dilaudid (long-acting) pain medication. At times the anesthesiologist will not report when they gave the last dose of pain medication. The medication has been administered early in some cases, or late in the case of the patient having been in the operating room. However, this information is documented on the anesthesia work sheet. The Unit receives the patient from the operating room (OR) in the PACU and the patient may screaming or saying they are in pain. Also, at times they are not breathing very well at all and need stimulation, oral...However, this information is documented on the anesthesia work sheet. The Unit receives the patient from the operating room (OR) in the PACU and the patient may screaming or saying they are in pain. Also, at times they are not breathing very well at all and need stimulation, oral airways, nasal airways, and Narcan. Nurses tend to give a lot of dilaudid in five-minute increments per the anesthesia orders, not knowing it peaks in one hour. It is difficult to determine where patients are in the opioid cycle as they may be still sedated from anesthesia and not the pain meds. Thus, the patients may have too much dilaudid or fentanyl on board upon arrival to the PACU. Sometimes the best choice is to use the fentanyl-which is short-acting and has a peak time of 30 minutes and small amounts of the dilaudid. If a nurse gives a patient too much of either fentanyl or dilaudid, the patient may stop breathing or have complications which is considered a medication error and/or overdose. Managing pain medication in the PACU based on assessment is an art. It takes experience, great assessment skills, and knowing one's medications. Administering too much may slow the patient's breathing down and narcan may be needed to be given.

Contract law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Contract law - Essay Example 20,000 to be paid in instalments related to the work completed. The plaintiff got into financial difficulties because the price was too low and he did not supervise the work properly. He had received over 80 per cent of the price but still had far more than 20 per cent of the work to do. The defendants were liable to a penalty clause in the main contract if the work was not completed on time. They were aware of the plaintiff’s difficulties and that the price was too low. They met him and agreed to pay him an extra ?10,300 at ?575 per flat to ensure that he continued with the work and completed on time. The plaintiff completed eight further flats and received a payment of ?1,500. He stopped work and sued for the money he alleged to be owing. The defendants denied liability and, in particular, that they were liable to pay any part of the additional ?10,300 because their agreement to pay it was not supported by any consideration. The judge held that the plaintiff was entitled to eight payments of ?575, less certain deductions. The defendants appealed. â€Å"My understanding of the meaning of the requirement that ‘consideration must move from the promisee’ is that such consideration must be provided by the promise, or arise out of his contractual relationship with the promisor. It is consideration provided by somebody else, not a party to the contract, which does not ‘move from the promisee’†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦but it is, of course, not the situation in the present case. Here the benefits to the defendants arose out of their agreement of April 9, 1986 with the plaintiff, the promise.(Glidewell L.J in Williams v Roffey Bros.[1990]) The judge(Glidewell L.J) further concluded that:† I repeat, therefore, my opinion that the judge was, as a matter of law, entitled to hold that there was valid consideration to support the agreement under which the defendants promised to pay an additional ?10,300 at the rate of ?575 per flat. For these rea sons I would dismiss this appeal† In answering the question as to whether promissory estoppel could have been of raised or whether it could have added relevance to Williams v Roffey Brothers, the answer is no, because of the limitations on the doctrine of promissory estoppel. It may be of paramount importance to find the relationship between consideration and promissory estoppel. Consideration originated simply as an indication of the need for a reason for enforcing a promise or obligation, such as the fact that the promisee had given something to the promisor in expectation that the promise would be fulfilled(Atayah, 1986). The rigid set of rules requires that there must be benefit and detriment, that past consideration is no consideration; that consideration must be of economic value; and that gratuitous promises will not generally be enforced. The doctrine of promissory estoppel on the other hand, derives from Lord Denning’s decision in Central London Property Trust Ltd v High Trees Ltd[1947] KB 130. The doctrine gives rise to situations in which a contract can in effect be varied without there being consideration. The facts are that by a lease under seal made on September 24, 1937, the plaintiffs, Central London property Trusts Ltd, granted to the defendants High Trees House Ltd, a subsidiary of the plaintiff company, a tenancy of a block of flats for the term of 99 years from September 29, 1937, at a ground rent of ?2, 500 a year.

Muslim Commercial Bank Limited

Muslim Commercial Bank Limited MCB Bank is the abbreviation of Muslim Commercial Bank Limited and it was established by the Adamje group on 9 July 1947, under the Indian company Act, Vll of 1913 as a company limited. This bank is established in view to provide the banking facility to the business community of the South Asia. This bank was nationalized in 1974 and at that time president of Pakistan was Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. This was the first bank to be privatized in 1991 and the bank was purchased by the Nishat Group. In the 2008, the Nishat Group holds the majority of the shares of this Bank. At that time MR. Atif Bajwa is the president of the Bank and that person is previously working with the Citi Bank. Nishat Group was founded in 1951. Nishat Group is the leading and most widely separated business Groups in Pakistan. The presence of Nishat Group in the important business sectors of the country like Banking, Textile, cement and insurance. Mian Muhmmad Mansha is the owner of the Nishat Group. The company has fixed and current assets of over 300billion and this company were included in one of the top five companies of the Pakistan. Mian Mansha played a very important role in the success of the bank. The Govt. of the Pakistan gave him Sitara-e-imtiaz and this is the most prestigious civil award of the country. If we take a look on the total asset of the bank that is 72,052,258 in March 2010 and if we take a look on the previous assets that was 69,740,013 we estimate that the bank is really working with a fast pace. And the profit after taxation of the company in March 2010 is 4,141,151 and at the end of the 2009 it was 4,134,971. Muslim commercial Bank agreement to buy the Royal Bank of Scotland but it fails to acquire proper license from State Bank of Pakistan. Profitability of MCB MCB is the Pakistans fourth largest bank in term of assets base 5.9 billion US dollar. The bank has the almost 1082 branches including 11 Islamic banking branches and over 300 ATM machines. During the last Fifteen year bank has concentrated on growth through improving service quality, investment in technology and people, utilizing its extensive branch network and managing the risk management. MCB has established business in SriLanka and Bahrain and newly established Rep. Office in Dubai. The bank has also formed a private company in Hong Kong in partnership with the Standard Charter bank, handling trade transactions in Asian-Pacific region. MCB also incorporated a leasing company in Azerbaijan in 2009. Fully owned Subsidiaries of MCB are; Muslim Commercial Financial Services (private) Limited MNET Services (private) Limited MCB Trade Services Limited MCB Asset Management Company Limited MCB Leasing Company Business Strategy of MCB The business strategy of MCB is to provide financial solutions in major segments for its customers. The bank has also established an Islamic Banking unit to offer Shariah complaint products and services, in six cities and the future plan is to establish more branches of Islamic banking and its branches is as much as the traditional banking branches have in the country. Nishat Textile Nishat Mills limited was founded in 1951. He has one of the largest Textile setup in the country. They have following production facility; 270,000 Spindles 740 looms Dying and printing capacity of 7 million meters Cement D.G Khan Cement Company Limited (DGKCC) is a unit of the Nishat Group and it is the largest Cement manufacturing company in the Pakistan with the capacity of 5500 tons clinker per day. They distribute their product in both nationwide and as well as internationally due to his consistent quality. This company is listed on all the stock exchanges of the Pakistan. Nishat Group also setup a new Cement manufacturing plant with a capacity of 6700 tons per day near kalar kahar, Distt. Chakwal. After the completion of this plant this will be the largest plant of the country. Financial Services MCB is the largest private bank in the country with a 1200 branches in Pakistan and they operate internationally. MCB was also the first bank of the country that is listed on the London stock exchange in October 2006. Values of MCB Bank Following are the vales of MCB Bank: Integrity Innovation Excellence Customer Centricity Respect Integrity We are the trustee of public fund and serve our community with integrity. We believe in being the best at always doing the right thing. We deliver on our responsibility and commitment to our customer as well as our colleagues. Innovation We encourage and reward people who challenge the status quo and think beyond the boundaries of the conventional. Our team work together for the smooth and efficient implementation of ideas and initiatives. Excellence We take personal responsibility for our role as leaders in pursuit of excellence. We are the performance driven, result oriented organization where merit is the only criterion for reward. Customer Centricity Our customers are at the heart of everything we do. We thrive on the challenge of understanding their needs and aspiration, both realized and unrealized. We make every effort to exceed customer expectation through superior services and solution. Respect We respect our customer values, beliefs, culture and history. We value the equality of gender and diversity of experience and education that our employees bring with them. We create an environment where each individual is enabling to succeed. Online services Following are the online services that offer by the MCB Bank. Million of Branches ATMs Call Center Bill Payment Funds transfer MCB Limited Announcing his Million of Branches in the Country MCB Limited has announced Mobile Banking facilities for its customers in July 2009, first time in Pakistan. Speaking on the event, Mr. Atif Bajwa, Head CEO of MCB Bank said that MCB Mobile was a first step in ensuring the cost effective delivery of financial service. He added that when the State Bank of Pakistans advent the Branchless Banking procedure, development of many new financial products and services were already in progress at MCB. These products is not developed only for the MCB customers, but they also watch that most of the people have mobiles nowadays but they have no access to the banks through the mobiles so MCB Bank Limited introduce that system that help their customers to access their accounts easily He further added, users of MCB Mobile are just not restricted to watching account balances or requesting mini-statements, they easily manage mass of payments, like pay utility bills, recharge their both pre paid and post paid connections and make payments of post paid numbers through their mobile phones, they can even transfer the amount from one account to another in few minutes. Mehreen Ahmed, Group Head of Consumer Banking, also speaking on the event, that MCB Mobile was developed to offer customers different facilities to access their account throughout a week from their mobile phones MCB Bank initiate the Wide Mobilization Mobilization has been started in MCB Bank at 5 April 2009. The objective of the team is together bank and makes ensure that maximum number of members of MCB login and use MCB Mobile. Remote banking team trained the peoples of MCB and how to use the MCB mobile to ensure that this is very successful across the country wide branches. MCB Limited sponsors 2nd Mobile-Commerce Meeting in Karachi MCB is the sponsors of the 2nd Annual Mobile Commerce meeting held in Karachi at 11 March 2009. The discussion was attended by a number of different Banks, Telcos and Technology. Mr. Atif Bajwa, Head of MCB Bank Limited, delivered a key note that is the Banks and Telecommunication Companys work together and to bring revolution in that field. He gives offer to the telecommunication companies come to join the hands of MCB mobile banking to produce something new that no longer exist in Pakistan. MCB meets the Chairman PTA A team of the bank that lead by Mr. Qasif Shahid Head of the remote banking system met with Dr. Yaseen the chairman of Pakistan Telecom Authority in February 2009. The meeting was attended by many of high ranking officers of PTA and members from all 5 Telecommunication Companies. Key issues about the successful development of Mobile Banking in Pakistan were discussed in that meeting. All the 5 Telecommunication companies are agreeing to make a task force that made a road map for Mobile Banking. These task forces have been created and complete their tasks under the supervision of PTA. MCB link up with Fundamo Mobile Banking MCB Bank has linked up with Fundamo for its Mobile Banking solutions in January 2009. Fundamos: Fundamo is the Enterprise financial services platform. Fundamo is the worlds largest mobile financial service provider; they have the expertise to build technologies, and they have experience and vision as well. Vision: Fundamo is the global mobile financial solution provider. The company was established in 2000 and looking towards providing financial services through mobile phones in both developing and developed countries. Leadership: The company has created its leadership position due to the history of innovation and successful development. This knowledge ensures that its customers will always hit their target markets. With over 30 successful development projects in over 20 countries Fundamos technology and development strategy is proven. Expertise: Fundamos leadership team has strong background knowledge in the financial services industry and has the strict design principles required for secure banking system, and they also taking advantage of its unique character in mobile phone. This new style of financial system represents a powerful banking system due to its simplicity and uniqueness. Collaborating for success: An important element of Fundamos is to collaborate with the specialist organization to effectively and efficiently meet the need of the client in the rapidly moving mobile financial service market. Global coverage: Fundamos is now a global company with a 20 clients in different countries. Fundamos has a direct business as well partner business operations in many other countries. Fundamo Solutions: Enterprise Edition. Mobile wallet. Mobile Banking. Mobile Money Transfer. Fundamo is working in Pakistan through their official partners Access Group (Pvt) Limited. Bottom of Form Loading Loading What can u do with the MCB mobile service? Account Balance Mini Statement Transfer of funds Purchase mobile Top-Ups through MCB Mobile service Pay your Mobile Bills Pay utility Bills Make Visa Credit Card payments Donation Services Balance inquiry You can check your account balance any time. Mini-Statement You can access the transactions of last six months from your bank account at any time, making it easier for you to manage your account. Fund Transfers You can send money to anyone through MCB Bank account. The receiver of the money does not have to be a registered with the MCB Mobile user. You can receive money by giving the complete number that contain 16-digits or the ATM card number of the receiver. Purchase Airtime for Prepaid Connections Now you can easily purchase prepaid airtime from these mobile companies: Mobilink UFone Zong Warid Zem Telenor Pay Postpaid Mobile bills Now you can forget to pay your bill to the franchise because MCB gives you the opportunity to pay the bill through MCB Mobile at any time without any difficulty. Mobilink UFone Zong Warid Telenor Pay the amount of Bills MCB Mobile gives you facility to make payments of utility bills. Like Electric city Sui Gas Water Charges Tele phone bills Make payments of MCB Visa Credit Card You can now easily pay your Visa Credit Card payments through MCB Mobile. Now you can pay minimum payment or the full amount. Report a Lost ATM card If you lost your ATM card during the usage you can inform to the bank immediately and the bank will deactivated that card. And issue new card on the demand of the customer but this is only for the register customers. Donations You can make donations to any charity through the use of MCB Mobile service within a second. Donations to the Prime Ministers Fund are being accepted through this service. More charities will be added. Questions that mostly people asked Following question asked by the people. Who is eligible to register for the services? Do I need a special mobile connection? Is number portability supported for MCB Mobile? Do I need special mobile phone (handset)? Can I still register if I dont have Internet on my phone? How can I activate GPRS/Internet? What is bank charging for it? Are there any other charges? Is this service safe to use? How do I register? What happens after I register? What are the payment limits? If I forget my Mobile PIN? Where do I find the terms conditions? Where can I get more information about the MCB Mobile? ATMs Service MCB ATM smart card works anytime, anywhere in Pakistan abroad. MCB smart card is accepted over 4000 ATMS nationwide. MCB enables you to access fast cash, account balance inquire, transfer of funds etc through 450 ATMs in the country. MCB bank offers different type of ATM cards: ATM Regular Card ATM Gold Card ATM Regular Card ATM Regular or classic card allow you to withdraw 15000 per day and minimum three withdraw in a day. ATM Gold Card ATM Gold card allow you to withdraw up to 25000 per day and minimum of six withdraw in a day. The other condition is that the cardholder has to make two transactions to withdraw the 25000 amount. Call Center MCB provide the call center facility to their customer through which you can take help from representatives. Those are available at any time. They can help you as well as give guidelines. You can all so take help about their credit card problems. MCB offers following services: General Inquires Financial Services Non- Financial Services General Inquires Following are the general inquires; ATM locations Account opening procedures MCB Bank Charges All MCB Product related information MCB Merchant locations Financial Services Following are the different Financial Services; Inquiry of account balance Request for transfer of funds Details of Debit Card transitions Detail for last five transitions Request for all Credit Cards Blocking Service of ATM Card throughout the day Payment for all the Bills Purchase vouchers Non Financial Services Following are the Non Financial Services; Request for Credit Card address change Virtual Banking activation Complaint registrations 24 hours a day Mobile Banking activation Call 111-000-MCB (622) Bill Payments MCB give you the services through which you can pay your bills and recharge your mobile accounts. So we save our time through this and pay our bills easily. MCB smart card holder can also pay their bills easily. Bills Payment Features Following are the Features; Pay your Bills throughout the week Make full or half payment. Full payment is required only for PTCL Recharge your prepaid account Pay as a register or non register user. This will help you to avoid the time delay. SWOT ANALYSIS Strength Long Establishment Long establishment is one of the strength of MCB over private banks. Due to this it earn a name in the market, The biggest Infrastructure MCB has the biggest infrastructure among the entire private bank. So it is making business from one corner of the country to another corner of the country. Other factors are: Brand image because of Muslim word in the name in an Islamic country. In a growing economy of Pakistan. Has strong market presence. Mainly operating by Mansha Group. Offers a wide variety of services to its customer and has a customer bank of round about 4 million. The bank has efficient IT infrastructure and network of online services. MCB is working in Pakistan over 60 years of success. MCB fall under the big 5 domestic banks of Pakistan. Bank is continuously focusing on developing new and innovative products to attract the target market. Asset utilization is very good. GPRS enable banking. Weaknesses In the changing environment where MCB has some strength it has some weaknesses also, some of the weak factors are; None Professional staff MCB keeps non professional staff even on higher post who is promoted from the typist and clerical area after a long time. Nationalization Effect When MCB was nationalized by BHUTTOs Govt. it was the glooming period of MCB. During that period, MCB suffered a lot. Govt. Influence Non-professional and bureaucratic people were placed at the top mgt level who knows nothing about the banking and they damage the repute of the bank in the markets as well. Lack of dynamism When a newly person employed in the bank they want to leave the bank very soon. Because the promotion period of the bank is so late till you retire. So lake at dynamism comes to the personality. He is no further creative in his life. So increasing age of the staff is one of the weaknesses of the bank because banks needs young and creative person who have the ability to meet the changing response of the environment. Advances to non productive units During the nationalized period, a lot of amounts are forwarded to the non productive unit just on political bases. Most of the advances are not still paid and not even written off. Other factors are: Political instability Internal political issues Less job satisfaction of employees. Customers facing problems of NADRA verification while opening their accounts because its process is time consuming. To give everyone equal protocol is lacking among employees customers having account with small amount and not giving same services like dealing to others who have high account. Lack of organizational loyalty among employees. Promotion is generally on seniority bases. External Environment Opportunity Having an edge over the other commercial banks, MCB has greater profit, greater growth rate and market share than other commercial banks. Privatization After privatization bank deposits has accelerated tremendous speed because it gave the opportunity to get rid of critical influences and to put the bank on the professional root. Other factors are: To go global Low exposure to consumer banking providing opportunity to explore the segment. Emergence of Islamic banking in the country and MCB is increasing its Islamic banking operations. SBP police to allow Islamic banking business separately. Free staff training facilities offered. Greater profitability can be achieved through strong internal control. Elimination of risk of fraud through professional training. Opportunity to open a branch in rural area to increase its branch network and gain more profit. New schemes for deposit and finances should be introduced regularly. Threats Private Banks Like citi bank and ABN amro are entering in the market with a greater power and strength in terms of brand name. Govt. Policies MCB faces the great threat from the Govt. policies like as finance the non productive units housing etc. so the bank does not feel the freedom in operating on its own view point, which is a threat for the bank. Because the bank is purely commercial so it should have autonomy to make its own decisions. Other factors are: Increasing competition in banking sector of Pakistan. Strong competition. Rising deposit rates. Foreign banks in the market having more marketing budget. People losing trust in banks. Participation of foreign banks in local market that can hurt the market share. Restructuring of privatized banks. PEST ANALYSIS Political Political instability in Pakistan can lead to changes in laws and policies which can be in favor or against the banking sector. Economic Economy of Pakistan is facing issues about employment, inflation, illiteracy, which hinder business growth. Social Cultural issues can be there but still as there are multinational companies there, therefore, cultural issues are not prominent. Technology People are highly skilled and MCB can introduce new technology to increase competencies. Porters Model The basis of much of the thinking on competitive advantage has been the writing of Michael Porter. Porter in his book COMPETITVE STRATEGY: techniques for analyzing industries and competitors (1980) introduced his model of competitive rivalry. Competitor rivalries are: Competitive rivalry Threat of potential new entrant to the sector Threat of substitution product or services to the existing trade The Bargaining power of buyers The Bargaining power of suppliers Threat of potential entrants Competitive Rivalry Bargaining power of buyer Bargaining power of supplier Threat of substitution Threat of New Entrants The threat of new entrant relates to the ease with which a company can enter a given trade sector. Barrier to entry into a particular market include the need for capital, knowledge and skills. The barrier to entry, for example, in banking industry if a bank is working in particular area where any other bank is exist or any other branch is exist in the same city. Then the competition is exit and threat is exist for the bank that already exists. With the entrants of competitor your business is really suffer to overcome their competitor you have to introduce new strategies and make plans. IT can be a barrier to enter to a given market place. Existing players in the sector may well have a substantial in IS / IT, including for instance the use of EDI to co ordinate their supply chain. This experience and investment can be difficult for the new entrant to match. The converse is that development in IT and e- commerce may leave existing players with a heavy investment in expensive, old technologies giving the new entrants the opportunities to enter the market with fresh ideas and a business plan facilitated by a new generation of IT provision. Internet e- commerce is a technology that can facilitate new entrants to existing markets without the need to match the IT and infrastructure investment of the existing players. Threat of Substitution Substitution is a threat to existing players where a new product becomes available that supplies the same function as the existing product or services. If we take the examples of banks if any commercial bank is not providing good services to their customers are not giving proper care to the customers then the customers go for the substitute where they find good services and where bank provide or give values to their customer as a priority. The IT industry has itself substitute many products previously used in business with the replacement of the typewriter by the word processor being but one example of the e- commerce technologies, internet e- commerce has the potential to make significant inroads in the traditional retail sector with online banking. Bargaining power of Buyers For a business to be profitable the cost of producing and distributing its product has to be less then price it can fetch in the market place. Where there are a number of competitors in the market or the surplus of supply the buyer is in a strong position to bargain for a low price and for other favorable conditions of trade. Over recent years the large retail chains have developed a strong bargaining position. The bargaining strength of the buyer is of least threat to the low cost producer that organization can agree to tight terms of trade that competitor firms could not profitably match. The other defence is to have a branded product that the store will feel obliged to stock because their customers expect it. Bargaining power of suppliers The organization whilst trying to get an adequate price from its buyers will be looking to get favorable terms from its own suppliers. The organizations ability to get a good deal is the mirror image of its positions with the buyers. If the supply is plentiful or there are several suppliers it should get a good price. If the product is scarce or the number of suppliers that are able to meet its needs is limited then the supplier is in a more favorable position. Competition between Existing Players The final force is the competition between existing players in the market. The competition is to get the buyers and to trade at a price that produces an acceptable profit. That competition is won on the basis of the generic competition advantage of price, differentiation or focus. The competitive position of each organization is determined in part as least by the deal it is able to make with its suppliers. The competitive position of each organization is not absolute; in most markets the factors that lead to a successful deal in one place at a given time will not necessarily be replicated in the next bargain that is to b struck. Impacts of E- Business Following are the impacts that E- business have o the bank: New sales channel Cost leadership Reduced entry cost New opportunities Information System Efficient quality controlling Easy fraud detection in transaction Easy data saving Easy data recovery Easy management of business transaction New sales channel E- Business is the new way of sale channel in the market. You can introduce any kind of your new product on your official website. The internet completely changes the selling process for both the buyers and sellers. Electronic commerce users found that they can reduce the cost of sale through the internet. Internet is a very well media to advertise their product because if you launch your own site this is very help full for you because it is easier to buy anything from the site rather to go there and then decide. You can easily access the site and it is helpful for customer point of view because it takes less time and your required thing is at your door. Last many years advertising through internet is increased very rapidly manufacturers put every information about the product on the site so you can read it easily and you get familiar with the new product features. Amazon.com is the retail store for selling books through internet. Amazon is the most successful internet business launc hes ever. In MCB as they launch their mobile banking service customer feel much satisfaction because before launching this service or before online banking customers have to go to the bank for balance inquire are for any other service. After this service customer can check and access their account at their home and can send their money anywhere in the country easily. MCB mobile banking is the new way of doing business and they can send SMS to their users for the latest services that they introduced in the market. C:UsersTahirDesktopmarketing.jpg C:UsersTahirDesktopresearch2.jpg Cost Leader Ship Cost leadership is a concept used in business strategy and it is developed by Michael Porter. It describes the competitive advantage in the firm. Cost leadership means reducing the cost of operation in the industry. The cost leadership is often determined by company efficiency, size, scale, scope, and cumulative experience. A cost leadership means to increase the level of production well defined scope and other economics and producing high quality products by using high technologies. In the last few years many companies used strategy mix to achieve market leadership. Companies that wish to follow the cost leadership strategy must maintain constant efforts to reduce the cost. Cost reduction strategies include: Establishing tight control of production Minimize the cost of sale Like the multinational bank MCB launched their online services like mobile banking. This is launched to reduce the luxuries and to introduce the branch less banking that mean it reduce the cost of branches for example if they remove the branches that mean saving of cost in term of removing employees and cost of electricity and many other expenses of branches. C:UsersTahirDesktophourglass-703070.jpg Reduced Entry Cost Reduced Cost of entry means introduce the new product to the market. Cost of entry includes the cost of all research, development, production, testing, marketing, advertising and distribution of the new product. Developing a website is reduced all these cost because internet provide you an easy access to every information so if you want to increase the production capacity you can find the new production techniques on the net. And you can adopt that according to your need. If we take advertising websites and online other sources like newspapers, magazines reduced the cost of advertising very much. In traditional way of doing advertising like print the papers and join the local media this will charge you high cost at limited area coverage. But the internet is away that give you an opportunity to advertise the product on a larger scale. If we talk

Cambridge :: essays research papers

England is famous for its educational institutes. It has some of the most famous universities of the world like Oxford, Cambridge and London universities. The city of Cambridge is in the county of Cambridgeshire and is famous because it is the home of Cambridge University, one of the oldest and most prestigious universities of the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Cambridge City occupies an area of 16 square miles. It is 50 miles north of London and stands on the East Bank of the River Cam, and was originally a place where the river was crossed. Other than being the home of Cambridge University, Cambridge City itself is a very lively city. It provides a lot of entertainment such as Ballet, Opera, Drama, Music, and Film. The river is use mostly for pleasure of boating and punting. The Fitzwilliam Museum, the University Museum of Archaeology, and the University Museum of the Zoology are among the best of all museums in Europe. Foundation of Cambridge   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The foundation of Cambridge goes back to 11th century when Norman’s built a castle at River Cam. During Romans time, a small town situated just north of river in the Castle Hill area. The town was called Granata. Later on during the Saxon period, it was known as Grantabridge, which means Swampy River Bridge. The name later became Cantabridge and then by 14th century, Cambridge. Foundation of the University Of Cambridge  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The University of Cambridge was establish by religious groups like Franciscans and Dominicans in the early 12th century students from the Oxford University and Paris University left to study in Cambridge in the 13th century. The origin of the college is trace to the association of the students, distinctive form of religious affiliated groups, who began to reside in independent hostels, or halls. Later on some tension developed between the town people and students known as â€Å"town and gown† conflict. This conflict led to the establishment of the first college, Peterhouse in 1284 by Bishop of Ely. In 1318, Pope John XXII issued a bull recognizing Cambridge as a â€Å"Stadium Generale†, or a place of study; that is a University. The University Of Cambridge From Past To Present   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The university was basically established to study for religious purposes. It was one of the important centers of Protestant Reformation in the 16th century. Some of the famous religious reformers like William Tyndale, Hugh Latimer and Thomas Cranmer were graduates of Cambridge.

Infant Observation

His parents are part of the Chinese Culture. He has black hair and beautiful big brown eyes. His little arms and legs are chunky. In proportion to his body his head seems to be bigger but It's not. 2) When I was doing my observation he was playing. Perception: 3) TTT mostly observes objects with bright colors about few seconds before he drops It to find the next curious object. When put down onto the floor he crawls right towards the toys, telling his mom that he prefers colors.As his mom move a toy In front of his face side to side, he follows It with his eyes and his head. When his mom play some music he turns his head towards the source of the sound and starts to crawl closer to the music. 4)No real regular actions to make his mom believe he Is In need of any special Item other than food when he Is hungry. Motor Development: 5) Blinking reflex-when his mom blow on his face his eyes respond by blanking. 6) I see him exploring his surroundings, at objects and feeling them. He Is cra wling, he an walk while holding onto furniture or he is sitting when examining a toy. ) He moves his head in a normal way. 8) He can reach sitting position alone. He does so by bending one knee and backing down onto his behind. 9) He grasps an object on right hand while holding his upper body with his other hand (left) onto the floor. He lets go of the object by dropping it at his side to grab the next. Cognitive Development: 10) To find out if TTT has a concept of object permanence his mom used the Pigged method. His mom shoved TTT a toy and then his mom covered it with a blanket. He grabbed the blanket off the toy.That tells his mom has a clear concept of object permanence 1 1) Seniority activity -His eyes focus on bright colors and he responds to sounds by looking toward the sounds. Language Development: 12) When IT'S mom said â€Å"this is ball? ‘ and TTT looking at the ball. 13)TTT used babbling and single words to express his language he would say â€Å"bababababababaà ¢â‚¬  â€Å"tetetetetetetetete† deadheaded†. When he looked at him mother he would Sara†. I understand that there are many factors influencing the upbringing of children with ultra similarities as well as differences. All mothers encourage . Heir children to play and talk. Yet prior research have shown that U. S. Children learn object names more rapidly than children elsewhere, Even Chinese culture encourages people to see themselves in active relationship to others rather than separate individuals. Proportion to his body his head seems to be bigger but it's not. 2) When I was doing it to find the next curious object. When put down onto the floor he crawls right towards the toys, telling his mom that he prefers colors. As his mom move a toy in Ron of his face side to side, he follows it with his eyes and his head.When his mom crawl closer to the music. 4)No real regular actions to make his mom believe he is in need of any special item other than food when he is h ungry. Motor Development: 5) Blinking reflex-when his mom blow on his face his eyes respond by blinking. 6) I see him exploring his surroundings, at objects and feeling them. He is crawling, he 12) When IT'S mom said â€Å"this is ball? † and TTT looking at the ball. Infant Observation On Wednesday, July 19th, I had a chance to observe carefully an infant for about half an hour in my psychology class at Santa Monica College. The infant, Ali Osman is a healthy, playfull boy, appeared to be of Middle Eastern origin. He is 15. 5 months old, 32 tall and weighs about 24 lbs with brown curly hair, dark brown eyes and fairly tanned skin. 1. There were several kinds of toys like blocks, dolls, automobiles†¦ in the room. However, when he just came in, he was immediately drawn to the dolls with intense focus. Eventhough there wasn't any way to measure his heart rate or brain wave, I could easily tell how interested he was by the way he gazed, touched and played with the dolls. This could be explained by the fact that the perception of an unfamiliar stimulus usually elicits physiological responses (Berger, p. 156). Later, this explanation of mine for his behavior was confirmed to be correct by his mother that he had never seen a doll before. Clearly, he was sensing the strange object and trying to perceive it. And exactly as the text said, eventually, habituation occurs, in which the stimulus becomes so familiar and uninteresting that these responses slow down. (Berger, p. 156), he got tired of the dolls and began to pay attention to other toys and people around. 2. According to table 5. 2, the Age Norms for Motor Skills in Berger, p. 153, for his age of 15. 5 months, 90% of all babies master the skill of walking. Beside being able to walk, just like the majority of infants at his age (from 1-2 years old), Ali is quite a toddler, for the characteristic way they move their bodies, toddling from side to side. (Berger, p. 151). Still toddling but Ali obviously belongs to the upper half of the population in mastering his gross motorskill since he is also able to walk backward, a skill that only 50% of infant could master at his age according to again table 5. 2. 3. Ali is quite a friendly kid, he is not afraid to be with strangers proving by the fact that he could interact very comfortably with me, my classmates, and other babies. However, when there was some unfamiliar things happened, he always looked for and ran to his mother as described in proximity-seeking behaviors (like when the new baby twins came in or when someone made a scary face to him) (Berger, p. 26). He is a representative of secure attachment by showing that he had no problem with being away from his mother and exploring on his own (Berger, p. 228). Besides, he also reacted to the Strange Situation the way we expected from a secured child as stated in Berger on page 228 and table 7. 1, p. 230. 4. After playing for awhile, he came up to me w ith a book and showed me the content, then he gurgled something, clearly wanting me to read it to him. His intention was well understood. Without sufficient vocabulary, using only hollowphrases, he still has no communication problem, afterall, communication is about understanding not vocabulary anyway (Berger, p. 198). He showed clear signs of understanding his mother's commands such as up, down, kiss, bye†¦ by following them. His spoken language has been developed normally according to table 6. 2 in Berger, p. 194. One interesting thing was that when he was sitting in the chair and reading the book, he did not make any recognizable word but bla.. bla.. la†¦ , however, the way I see it, that was not babbling, he was probably pretending to read but he could not find any word that matched with the content of the book so he ended up with that one-size-fits-all babble. 5. At the age of 15. 5 months, Ali is falling into Piaget's stage five, the stage for experimentation and exploration (Berger, pp. 192-193). Piaget referred to the stage-five toddler as the little scientist who experiments in order to see. (Berger, p. 193). Ali is a very active, playful and curious boy. Just look at the way he studied the dolls at the beginning and how he played and discovered how to roll some round thing (I don't know what it was) later, you will see. And fitting the blocks into their right holes also shows that Ali is in fact a little scientist with his trial and error experimentation. 6. Ali is passed the age to be awe by peek-a-boo because he has achieved Object Permanence, the realization that objects still exist even when they cannot be seen, touched or heard (Berger, p. 181), as early as 4. 5 months old. As stated in Berger on page 182, to find a hidden object requires at least two abilities: setting a goal and knowing how to achieve it. , and a child will not have those abilities until he is at least 8 months old. Ali is way passed that so he could find something that Dr. Berg was trying to hide under a towel easily. He still enjoys this hide-and-seek game, but it is much less fun at his age unless the hiding is less obvious (Berger, p. 183). 7. Ali has a wonderful personality, which is the emotions, behaviors, and attitudes that make an individual unique (Berger, p. 16), or as least I think so for the following reasons. He is outgoing, assertive, active, easygoing, kind and helpful†¦. This characteristic puts him into the 40% easy-temperament (Berger, p. 221). With further observation, I can safely conclude that Ali belongs to the first two dimensions of temperaments in the big five, which are Extroversion and Agreeableness (Berger, p. 221). I cannot believe that I was able to see so much in a child the way the text shows in such a short period. I was particularly impressed with how incredibly secured Ali was, which shows through his friendliness, kindness and curiosity. In addition to his well developed cognitive skill (in communicating, learning, playing†¦ ), his general physical conditions as well as his motor skills are also astounding. I would be very happy if I could raise such a healthy child in the future. Finally, I cannot find any problem in your observation setup. Well, afterall, you've been doing this for years, I just don't see how I can beat that. Infant Observation On Wednesday, July 19th, I had a chance to observe carefully an infant for about half an hour in my psychology class at Santa Monica College. The infant, Ali Osman is a healthy, playfull boy, appeared to be of Middle Eastern origin. He is 15. 5 months old, 32 tall and weighs about 24 lbs with brown curly hair, dark brown eyes and fairly tanned skin. 1. There were several kinds of toys like blocks, dolls, automobiles†¦ in the room. However, when he just came in, he was immediately drawn to the dolls with intense focus. Eventhough there wasn't any way to measure his heart rate or brain wave, I could easily tell how interested he was by the way he gazed, touched and played with the dolls. This could be explained by the fact that the perception of an unfamiliar stimulus usually elicits physiological responses (Berger, p. 156). Later, this explanation of mine for his behavior was confirmed to be correct by his mother that he had never seen a doll before. Clearly, he was sensing the strange object and trying to perceive it. And exactly as the text said, eventually, habituation occurs, in which the stimulus becomes so familiar and uninteresting that these responses slow down. (Berger, p. 156), he got tired of the dolls and began to pay attention to other toys and people around. 2. According to table 5. 2, the Age Norms for Motor Skills in Berger, p. 153, for his age of 15. 5 months, 90% of all babies master the skill of walking. Beside being able to walk, just like the majority of infants at his age (from 1-2 years old), Ali is quite a toddler, for the characteristic way they move their bodies, toddling from side to side. (Berger, p. 151). Still toddling but Ali obviously belongs to the upper half of the population in mastering his gross motorskill since he is also able to walk backward, a skill that only 50% of infant could master at his age according to again table 5. 2. 3. Ali is quite a friendly kid, he is not afraid to be with strangers proving by the fact that he could interact very comfortably with me, my classmates, and other babies. However, when there was some unfamiliar things happened, he always looked for and ran to his mother as described in proximity-seeking behaviors (like when the new baby twins came in or when someone made a scary face to him) (Berger, p. 26). He is a representative of secure attachment by showing that he had no problem with being away from his mother and exploring on his own (Berger, p. 228). Besides, he also reacted to the Strange Situation the way we expected from a secured child as stated in Berger on page 228 and table 7. 1, p. 230. 4. After playing for awhile, he came up to me w ith a book and showed me the content, then he gurgled something, clearly wanting me to read it to him. His intention was well understood. Without sufficient vocabulary, using only hollowphrases, he still has no communication problem, afterall, communication is about understanding not vocabulary anyway (Berger, p. 198). He showed clear signs of understanding his mother's commands such as up, down, kiss, bye†¦ by following them. His spoken language has been developed normally according to table 6. 2 in Berger, p. 194. One interesting thing was that when he was sitting in the chair and reading the book, he did not make any recognizable word but bla.. bla.. la†¦ , however, the way I see it, that was not babbling, he was probably pretending to read but he could not find any word that matched with the content of the book so he ended up with that one-size-fits-all babble. 5. At the age of 15. 5 months, Ali is falling into Piaget's stage five, the stage for experimentation and exploration (Berger, pp. 192-193). Piaget referred to the stage-five toddler as the little scientist who experiments in order to see. (Berger, p. 193). Ali is a very active, playful and curious boy. Just look at the way he studied the dolls at the beginning and how he played and discovered how to roll some round thing (I don't know what it was) later, you will see. And fitting the blocks into their right holes also shows that Ali is in fact a little scientist with his trial and error experimentation. 6. Ali is passed the age to be awe by peek-a-boo because he has achieved Object Permanence, the realization that objects still exist even when they cannot be seen, touched or heard (Berger, p. 181), as early as 4. 5 months old. As stated in Berger on page 182, to find a hidden object requires at least two abilities: setting a goal and knowing how to achieve it. , and a child will not have those abilities until he is at least 8 months old. Ali is way passed that so he could find something that Dr. Berg was trying to hide under a towel easily. He still enjoys this hide-and-seek game, but it is much less fun at his age unless the hiding is less obvious (Berger, p. 183). 7. Ali has a wonderful personality, which is the emotions, behaviors, and attitudes that make an individual unique (Berger, p. 16), or as least I think so for the following reasons. He is outgoing, assertive, active, easygoing, kind and helpful†¦. This characteristic puts him into the 40% easy-temperament (Berger, p. 221). With further observation, I can safely conclude that Ali belongs to the first two dimensions of temperaments in the big five, which are Extroversion and Agreeableness (Berger, p. 221). I cannot believe that I was able to see so much in a child the way the text shows in such a short period. I was particularly impressed with how incredibly secured Ali was, which shows through his friendliness, kindness and curiosity. In addition to his well developed cognitive skill (in communicating, learning, playing†¦ ), his general physical conditions as well as his motor skills are also astounding. I would be very happy if I could raise such a healthy child in the future. Finally, I cannot find any problem in your observation setup. Well, afterall, you've been doing this for years, I just don't see how I can beat that.

Events Leading Up To The American Revolution Essays - Free Essays

Events Leading Up To The American Revolution Essays - Free Essays Events Leading up to the American Revolution With the research that I have done, I have come up with the following information on the events leading to the American Revolution. After the French-Indian War the British Government decided to reap greater benefits from the colonies. The colonies were pressed with greater taxes without any representation in Britain. This eventually lead to the Boston Tea Party. In retaliation the British passed what are now considered the Intolerable (or Coercive Acts) to bring the colonies to the heal of the King. The Intolerable (or Coercive Acts) *Quartering Act: Effective March 24, 1765 This bill required that colonial authorities to furnish barracks and supplies to British troops. In 1766, it was expanded to public houses and unoccupied buildings. *Stamp Act: Effective March 24, 1765 This bill raised revenue in the American colonies. The bill require that all legal documents, licenses, commercial contracts, newspapers, pamphlets, and playing cards to have a tax stamp on them. This act was already in place in Great Britain and just extended itself into the colonies. It was put in place to raise money to cut the costs of keeping the military troops in the colonies. It was undebated in Britain, but it brought much opposition among the colonists, who said that it was because they had no representation in Parliament, and that they couldn?t be taxed without having some voice in the matters. Colonial businessmen stopped importing British goods until Britain would repeal the act. Most of the colonists refused to use the stamps on business papers and courts would not use them on official documents. Since it was opposed by the British business community the act was repealed by the British Parliament on March 4, 1766, after Benjamin Franklin, Pennsylvania?s representative in London, spoke on behalf of the American colonists. It?s repeal was followed by the Declaratory Act which gave the British Government the right to legally tax the colonists by any acts they wanted. *Boston Port Act: Effective June 1, 1774 This bill closed the port of Boston to all colonists until, the damages from the Boston Tea Party were paid for. The bill also moved the seat of government of the Massachusetts Bay Colony from Boston to Salem. Most of the colonists were upset and showed sorrow for the town by setting, the day that the bill went into effect, aside as a day of fasting and of prayer. To make sure that this act was enforced correctly British troops were sent to Boston, along with enough boats to blockade the port. however there where towns in New England that sent grain and other types of food to Boston. *Administration of Justice Act: Effective May 20, 1774 This bill stated that British Officials could not be tried in provincial courts for capital crimes. They would be extradited back to Britain and tried there. This effectively gave the British free reign to do whatever they wished, because no justice would be served while they were still in the colonies. *Massachusetts Government Act: Effective May 20, 1774 This bill effectively annulled the charter of the colonies, giving the British Governor complete control of the town meetings, and taking control out of the hands of the colonists. *Quebec Act: Effective May 20, 1774 This bill extended the Canadian borders to cut off The Western Colonies of Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Virginia. Although this was not passed as one of the Intolerable Acts it is considered to be one of them because it stopped forward progress of the colonies and took some of their land. Events *Sugar Smuggling trade flourished for many decades, while the British government made few attempts to enforce the Molasses Act. In 1764, realizing they had massive losses of potential revenue, the new prime minister of Britain, George Grenville, started a policy of strict enforcement of the customs laws, and later that year the Molasses Act was replaced by the Sugar Act. The provisions of this new act raised the tax on sugar and lowered the tax on molasses; added a tax to Madeira wine; and imposed a difficult bonding procedure to be applied to all shipped merchandise. The Sugar Act was generally enforced although its tax was eventually lowered. *Townshend Acts: This bill was passed by Parliament in 1767, affecting the Thirteen Original Colonies The first part of the bill suspended the New York Assembly, penalizing it for not complying with a law, that was enacted two years beforehand. That reprimanded the colonies to house the

Friendship with Your Reader

Friendship with Your Reader Friendship is born at that moment when one person says to another: What! You too? I thought I was the only one. ~ C. S. Lewis Whether you write poetry, scripts, freelance features, nonfiction, memoir, or novels, your goal is to touch minds with a reader. And if the stars align, and you write like an angel, you connect with many readers, making them think you are of like souls. Think of yourself as a reader, and remember that special book that touched you once upon a time. The author reached across the void with characters, storytelling, and voice, and made you believe they understood you as a human being. The author deemed you credible, and you felt the same in return. But friendship with your readers means more these days. Once your writing passes muster, you are expected to be readily available online. You are also expected to respect the reader, because they invested time into the reading of your words. Not only do you want to feed them the words they want to hear, but you want to let them know you appreciate them for giving you attention in return. Its a personal relationship. Someone with my publishing house asked me why I still did face-to-face appearances when everyone did online events these days. I told that to a room of twenty ladies this week at a book club, and their faces expressed a combination of shock, disagreement, and dismay. Rumblings went around the room as everyone discussed how they appreciate a writer who dares make appearances, giving to the reader in return for reading the book. One lady even came up to me afterwards and said that she was about to give up on coming until she heard me, and I convinced her to stick with her book club, all because of the experience I gave her that night. So, if you think its about selling books, youre wrong. If you think its about your Facebook numbers, youre wrong. Its about becoming intimate with your readers, embracing them, thanking them for choosing your work to read when the world is flooded with choices. You owe yourself to your readers. Thanks Hope TWITTER http://twitter.com/hopeclark FACEBOOK facebook.com/chopeclark GOODREADS goodreads.com/hopeclark BOOKBUB https://www.bookbub.com/authors/c-hope-clark

U.S. Immigration Sources Annotated Bibliography

U.S. Immigration Sources - Annotated Bibliography Example Some of the reasons cited as the negative effects of immigration include being a threat to American culture and traditions. However, overall, approximately 75% of Americans are favoring the opinion of giving the illegal immigrants an opportunity for the legal status and a path to citizenship. The overall progress that has been made by the president includes a proposal for the illegal immigrants to wait at least thirteen years before they could get the chance to apply to become citizens. This source is credible since it presents all sides of the controversial immigration issue before deducing any conclusions. The main political parties’ take has been evaluated and the potential effect that the issue may have on the outcome of those parties. The overall progress that has been made by the president is also evaluated to ensure that information from all concerned parties is available. Furthermore, the public’s view on this issue has not been ignored in the case because American’s views make a significant impact on the outcome of most issues. Personally, I would deduce that the larger portion of Americans is favoring the move to give illegal immigrants a legal status. Although this might affect the traditions as cited by some concerned Americans mostly due to intermarriages, U.S is a free country that gives individuals the freedom of choosing where they would want to belong. Additionally, if the illegal immigrants were granted the opportunity to become citizens, then issues regarding deportations on minor crimes would cease and create a better environment for the immigrants. The American health system is under crisis and the cause of the problem is being projected on to the immigrants. This is because the author indicates that both legal and illegal immigrants account for approximately one billion dollars annually in the form of unreimbursed medical expenses. Additionally, an

Social Marketing CS1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social Marketing CS1 - Essay Example There are four main principles of social marketing. The first principle is product. In the social marketing plan products can be sub-divided into tangible and intangible products. Tangible products comprise of vaccines, condoms, and oral contraceptives among others. Contrarily, non-tangible products include addictions, behavior, and attitudes. The second principle is place. The products need a platform where they can be located or distributed to reach the consumers. Place is the environmental and societal context in which health behaviors and decisions are carried out. The place is supposed to be visible to the consumer, such as, public places, shopping malls, and media. Third, price refers to the consumers’ investment. The price may be in non-monetary form such as time. The product needs to be sold at lower cost. Lastly, promotion determines the quantity of the products that will be sold. Promotion entails creating visibility of the product. Promotion can be done through prin t media (newspapers, coupons) and electronic media (Internet, e-mail, TV, and radio) (Patane, 2011). Social marketing provides a model which systematizes organizational responses to address public health challenges. Social marketers are now using commercial techniques , for instance, tailoring messages, analyzing the target audiences, establishing the objectives of the targeted behavior, and using strategies like branding to promote the adoption as well as maintenance of health behaviors. To promote healthy behavior, the social marketer can use mass media with the target audience in minds such as a HIV prevention campaign for high risk, sexually active African-American adolescents. This helps to reduce HIV incidences in the target group (Daniel, Bernhardt, & Eroğlu, 2009). The segmentation strategy purposely addresses social norms in addition to the desires of the cultural